Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

Which three responses make up the Glasgow Coma Scale?

1. APupil size, pulse and blood pressure
2. BOrientation to time, place and person, plus memory
3. CReflexes, muscle tone and sensation
4. DEye opening, verbal response and motor response

Which statement about Huntington's disease is correct?

1. AIt mainly affects children under the age of five years
2. BIt is cured by levodopa
3. CIt is caused by a bacterial infection of the brain
4. DIt is inherited and causes involuntary jerky movements

Dapatan manakah yang tipikal bagi diabetes insipidus?

1. AGlukosa darah tinggi dengan sejumlah besar glukosa dalam air kencing
2. BPengekalan cecair dengan natrium serum yang rendah
3. CAir kencing yang sangat pekat dalam jumlah kecil
4. DAir kencing cair dalam jumlah besar dan dahaga teramat sangat

Mengapakah kateterisasi sendiri berselang sering diajar selepas kecederaan saraf tunjang?

1. AIa menyingkirkan sepenuhnya semua risiko jangkitan saluran kencing
2. BIa terutamanya digunakan untuk mengukur pengeluaran air kencing dengan tepat
3. CPundi kencing mungkin tidak kosong, dan pengosongan secara tetap melindungi buah pinggang
4. DIa melatih pundi kencing untuk membesar secara beransur-ansur dari semasa ke semasa

An 85-year-old care home resident becomes newly confused and is falling more often. A UTI is one possibility. Why?

1. AConfusion is the only symptom of a UTI at any age
2. BA UTI cannot occur in people over 80
3. COlder adults often show infection as confusion
4. DUrinary infections always cause a high fever in older adults

Apakah pencetus paling lazim disrefleksia autonomi pada pesakit dengan kecederaan saraf tunjang?

1. AAras glukosa darah yang rendah
2. BHidangan besar yang dimakan terlalu cepat pada waktu malam
3. CTempoh tidur yang panjang
4. DPundi kencing penuh atau kateter tersumbat

A patient arrives five hours after the onset of a stroke. A CT angiogram shows a blockage of a large artery in the brain. What is the most appropriate next step?

1. AGive aspirin and plan a review on the ward tomorrow
2. BUrgent referral for assessment for mechanical thrombectomy
3. CStart IV alteplase immediately without further imaging
4. DNo treatment, because the time for any reperfusion has passed

A patient with a brain tumour on high-dose dexamethasone has a capillary glucose of 16 mmol/L (288 mg/dL). They have no history of diabetes. What is the best explanation?

1. AA lab error, because steroids lower blood glucose
2. BSteroid-induced hyperglycaemia, which needs monitoring and treatment
3. CNormal for this patient, so no action is needed
4. DA sign that the brain tumour has now spread to the pancreas