Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

What happens in multiple sclerosis?

1. AAntibodies block signals at the junction between nerve and muscle
2. BThe immune system damages myelin in the brain and spinal cord
3. CMotor nerve cells slowly die without any inflammation
4. DA virus destroys the nerves in the arms and legs

Which description best fits an absence seizure?

1. AA brief staring spell of a few seconds with a quick return to normal
2. BA sudden loss of muscle tone that makes the person fall
3. CStiffening and then jerking of all four limbs for several minutes
4. DJerking that starts in one hand and spreads up the arm

What does a complete spinal cord injury mean?

1. AThe patient can move but cannot feel below the injury
2. BNo movement or feeling below the injury, even in the sacral area
3. CThe spinal cord has been cut into two separate pieces
4. DAll vertebrae in the neck are broken

Mengapakah kalium mesti dipantau dengan teliti apabila insulin IV diberikan untuk DKA?

1. AInsulin memecahkan kalium dalam aliran darah
2. BInsulin tidak mempunyai kesan terhadap kalium dalam DKA
3. CInsulin memindahkan kalium ke dalam sel, jadi aras boleh jatuh dengan cepat
4. DInsulin menyebabkan buah pinggang mengekalkan kalium, jadi aras akan meningkat

A patient with untreated hyperthyroidism is losing weight. Which diet is most appropriate until the condition is controlled?

1. AA strict low-protein diet
2. BA diet very high in caffeine for energy
3. CA high-calorie diet with enough protein
4. DA low-calorie diet to protect the heart

Lima belas minit selepas rawatan dengan tablet glukosa, glukosa pesakit telah meningkat daripada 3.2 kepada 5.1 mmol/L. Waktu makan seterusnya ialah dua jam lagi. Apakah yang patut berlaku seterusnya?

1. AMemberikan dos biasa insulin bertindak pantas serta-merta
2. BMemberikan dos tablet glukosa lagi untuk menaikkannya lebih tinggi
3. CMemberikan snek karbohidrat bertindak lebih lama, seperti sandwic
4. DTiada tindakan lanjut diperlukan sehingga makanan seterusnya dihidangkan kemudian

A patient who had pituitary surgery has fatigue and feels cold. TSH is low, and free T4 is low. What is the most likely cause?

1. ASecondary hypothyroidism
2. BPrimary hypothyroidism from thyroid failure
3. CHyperthyroidism from Graves' disease
4. DOver-replacement with levothyroxine

A patient arrives five hours after the onset of a stroke. A CT angiogram shows a blockage of a large artery in the brain. What is the most appropriate next step?

1. ANo treatment, because the time for any reperfusion has passed
2. BGive aspirin and plan a review on the ward tomorrow
3. CUrgent referral for assessment for mechanical thrombectomy
4. DStart IV alteplase immediately without further imaging