Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

Mengapakah ramai pesakit penyakit buah pinggang kronik mengalami anemia?

1. ABuah pinggang memecahkan sel darah merah
2. BDialisis menyingkirkan zat besi daripada darah
3. CDarah hilang dalam air kencing setiap hari
4. DBuah pinggang menghasilkan kurang eritropoietin

Which isolation precautions are used for a patient with suspected meningococcal meningitis?

1. ADroplet precautions until about 24 hours of effective antibiotics
2. BAirborne precautions in a negative pressure room for 2 weeks
3. CContact precautions only, with gloves for skin contact
4. DNo extra precautions, because it is not infectious

Which hourly urine output is usually taken as the minimum acceptable for an adult?

1. AAbout 0.5 mL/kg per hour
2. BAbout 5 mL/kg per hour
3. CAbout 0.05 mL/kg per hour
4. DAbout 10 mL/kg per hour

A patient on peritoneal dialysis has gained weight and has higher glucose levels. Which part of the treatment is the likely cause?

1. ASodium lost into the dialysis fluid
2. BProtein lost into the dialysis fluid
3. CGlucose absorbed from the dialysis fluid
4. DAir entering the abdomen during exchanges

A patient with Conn's syndrome starts spironolactone. Which blood test should the nurse watch most closely?

1. APotassium
2. BCalcium
3. CAmylase
4. DGlucose

A patient has confirmed meningococcal meningitis. What is usually offered to their close household contacts?

1. ANo action unless they develop symptoms
2. BA lumbar puncture to check for infection
3. CPreventive antibiotics
4. DA full course of IV antibiotics in hospital

Semasa hemodialisis, TD pesakit jatuh kepada 80/50 mmHg dan mereka berasa pening dan mual. Apakah tindakan kejururawatan pertama yang paling sesuai?

1. AMeningkatkan kadar penyingkiran cecair supaya sesi tamat lebih awal
2. BMembaringkan pesakit mendatar, mengurangkan penyingkiran cecair dan mendapatkan bantuan
3. CMendudukkan pesakit tegak dan menggalakkan berjalan sebentar
4. DMemberikan dos antihipertensif biasa pesakit serta-merta

A patient with type 1 diabetes is vomiting at home. Their glucose is 12 mmol/L (216 mg/dL), and blood ketones are 3.5 mmol/L. What advice is correct?

1. ADrink less fluid to stop the vomiting
2. BWait until the glucose is above 20 mmol/L (360 mg/dL)
3. CSeek urgent hospital assessment for possible DKA
4. DStop insulin until the vomiting has settled