Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

Why are patients with a spinal cord injury at very high risk of pressure injuries?

1. ATheir skin is thinner than other people's skin
2. BThey cannot feel or move the body below the injury
3. CThey usually have a high fever for many weeks
4. DTheir blood sugar is always very high, which damages the skin

Which serum sodium result shows hyponatraemia in an adult?

1. A142 mmol/L
2. B138 mmol/L
3. C129 mmol/L
4. D147 mmol/L

Which description best fits type 2 diabetes?

1. AInsulin resistance with a relative lack of insulin
2. BAutoimmune destruction of all beta cells in childhood
3. CToo much insulin released after meals
4. DA total lack of insulin from birth

After a change in the levothyroxine dose, when is the TSH usually rechecked?

1. AAfter about 2 years of treatment
2. BAfter 24 hours
3. CAfter about 6–8 weeks
4. DAfter 3 days

A man starts finasteride for an enlarged prostate. Which statement is correct?

1. AIt is used only for a few days at a time
2. BIt works within hours by relaxing the bladder muscle
3. CIt lowers the blood pressure, so dizziness is very common
4. DIt takes months to work; pregnant women must not handle broken tablets

Why should antiepileptic drugs not be stopped suddenly?

1. AStopping them suddenly causes permanent damage to the liver and kidneys
2. BThe drugs build up in the body and become toxic after stopping
3. CStopping them suddenly causes a dangerous rise in blood pressure
4. DSudden withdrawal can trigger seizures, including status epilepticus

After a stroke, a patient suddenly cries or laughs at odd moments. They say they do not feel sad. Which response is most appropriate?

1. AExplain that this is emotional lability after stroke and help the family understand
2. BAsk the doctor for a sedative to stop the outbursts
3. CTell the patient that crying will slow their recovery
4. DIgnore it, because it shows that the patient is seeking attention from the staff

A 66-year-old smoker has had two episodes of painless red urine. Urine cultures are negative. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AAnother course of antibiotics for a UTI
2. BReassure him, because the blood has stopped
3. CUrgent referral for cystoscopy and imaging
4. DAdvise more fluids and review in a year