Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

What is diabetic gastroparesis?

1. ASlow emptying of the stomach due to nerve damage
2. BA blockage of the small bowel by scar tissue
3. CInflammation of the pancreas from high glucose
4. DA stomach ulcer caused by long-term metformin use

The nurse asks a patient to shrug their shoulders against resistance. Which cranial nerve is being tested?

1. AFacial nerve (VII)
2. BTrigeminal nerve (V)
3. CHypoglossal nerve (XII)
4. DAccessory nerve (XI)

Which classic triad is described in renal cell carcinoma, although few patients have all three?

1. ADysuria, frequency and urgency
2. BPolyuria, thirst and weight loss with tiredness
3. CFever, headache and a stiff neck
4. DHaematuria, flank pain and a palpable mass

A patient with multiple sclerosis says their symptoms get worse after a hot bath. What should the nurse explain?

1. AThey should take very cold baths to reverse the damage
2. BHot baths cause new areas of damage in the brain
3. CThis shows that the disease has entered a new progressive stage
4. DHeat can briefly worsen MS symptoms, which settle when they cool down

Sawan telah berlangsung lima minit dan masih berterusan. Apakah rawatan ubat barisan pertama yang biasa?

1. ABenzodiazepin seperti lorazepam IV atau midazolam bukal
2. BGlukosa 50% IV pada setiap pesakit, kemudian nilai semula
3. CDos pemuat fenitoin IV sebelum apa-apa yang lain
4. DAdrenalin IM ke dalam paha luar

A patient with type 1 diabetes plans a long cycle ride. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. ACheck glucose before and after, and carry fast-acting carbohydrate
2. BSkip breakfast so the exercise burns body fat
3. CAvoid checking glucose until the ride is over
4. DTake an extra dose of rapid-acting insulin before setting off

Seorang pesakit dengan tekanan intrakranial yang meningkat memerlukan penyedutan endotrakeal. Pendekatan manakah yang paling sesuai?

1. AMembaringkan pesakit mendatar dengan kepala dipalingkan semasa penyedutan
2. BMenyedut setiap 15 minit secara rutin, walaupun tanpa rembesan
3. CMenyedut sekurang-kurangnya 30 saat untuk membersihkan semua rembesan sekali gus
4. DPra-oksigenasi, pastikan setiap laluan singkat dan hadkan bilangan laluan

Penjagaan kejururawatan manakah yang penting bagi pesakit yang menerima manitol untuk tekanan intrakranial yang meningkat?

1. AMemberikan ubat secara oral bersama makanan untuk mengurangkan loya
2. BMengapit kateter untuk mengekalkan cecair dalam badan
3. CPemantauan rapi pengeluaran air kencing, natrium dan osmolaliti
4. DMenghentikan carta imbangan cecair semasa rawatan