Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

Which feature best distinguishes delirium from dementia?

1. AA sudden onset with attention that comes and goes
2. BGetting lost in places that were familiar
3. CMemory problems in a person over the age of 75
4. DDifficulty finding the right words

Posisi kepala manakah yang lazimnya digunakan untuk pesakit dengan peningkatan tekanan intrakranial?

1. ABerbaring mendatar, dengan kepala dipalingkan jauh ke satu sisi
2. BKepala dinaikkan kira-kira 30°, dengan leher lurus
3. CDuduk tegak, dengan leher dibengkokkan ke hadapan
4. DKepala lebih rendah daripada badan (Trendelenburg)

Tanda manakah yang menunjukkan peritonitis pada pesakit yang menjalani dialisis peritoneal?

1. ADahaga ringan selepas tempoh pegangan yang lama
2. BCecair yang disalirkan jernih dan berwarna jerami
3. CCecair yang disalirkan sedikit kurang daripada biasa selepas pegangan
4. DCecair yang disalirkan keruh dengan sakit abdomen

A patient on ciclosporin or tacrolimus asks about grapefruit juice. Which advice is correct?

1. AIt has no effect on these drugs
2. BAvoid it, because it can raise the drug levels
3. CDrink it daily to protect the kidney
4. DDrink it with each dose to improve the absorption

A patient on insulin asks about drinking alcohol. Which advice is correct?

1. AAlcohol has no effect on blood glucose in people with diabetes
2. BAlcohol should replace a meal on the days it is drunk
3. CAlcohol can cause hypos, even the next day, so eat carbs with it
4. DAlcohol raises glucose, so extra insulin should be taken first

A patient has just started levetiracetam. Which side effect should the nurse teach them to report?

1. AChanges in mood, such as irritability, low mood or anger
2. BOrange discoloration of the urine
3. CA persistent dry cough at night
4. DSwelling and overgrowth of the gums around the teeth

Which task can the registered nurse delegate to a trained healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. AAssessing a confused patient whose glucose is 2.6 mmol/L (47 mg/dL)
2. BDeciding the dose of correction insulin from the glucose result
3. CChecking pre-meal glucose and reporting results out of range
4. DTeaching a new patient how to inject insulin

An older man was found on the floor after lying there for many hours. His urine is dark brown, and his creatine kinase is very high. What is the main kidney risk and the key treatment?

1. AA urinary infection, treated with oral antibiotics only
2. BAKI from rhabdomyolysis, treated with generous IV fluids
3. CHypothermia, treated with a fluid restriction
4. DA kidney stone, treated with strong pain relief