Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

Why are patients with a spinal cord injury at very high risk of pressure injuries?

1. ATheir skin is thinner than other people's skin
2. BThey cannot feel or move the body below the injury
3. CThey usually have a high fever for many weeks
4. DTheir blood sugar is always very high, which damages the skin

In peritoneal dialysis, what acts as the dialysis membrane?

1. AA filter in a machine outside the body
2. BThe wall of the bladder
3. CThe lining of the abdominal cavity
4. DThe lining of the stomach

What is the main cause of type 1 diabetes?

1. AInsulin resistance caused mainly by excess body weight
2. BAutoimmune destruction of the insulin-making beta cells
3. CA lack of glucagon from the pancreas
4. DEating too much sugar and sweet food during childhood

Several hours after a carotid endarterectomy, which finding needs the most urgent action?

1. AA small amount of dried blood on the dressing
2. BA blood pressure slightly above the baseline
3. CMild pain at the incision site
4. DAn expanding neck swelling with noisy breathing

Which statement about storing insulin is correct?

1. AInsulin that has been frozen can be used once it has thawed
2. BAll insulin must be stored in the freezer to keep it stable
3. CUnopened insulin goes in the fridge and must never be frozen
4. DInsulin should be kept on a sunny windowsill to stay warm

Why are patients on haemodialysis vaccinated against hepatitis B?

1. AHepatitis B vaccine improves the fistula flow
2. BThe vaccine lowers the potassium level
3. CThe vaccine is needed to make the dialyser work
4. DShared dialysis units carry a higher infection risk

A patient who has taken prednisolone daily for years is vomiting and cannot keep tablets down. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the next dose with a glass of milk
2. BOmit the steroid until the vomiting stops
3. CGive the tablets again after every vomit
4. DEscalate urgently for steroid by injection

A patient with motor neurone disease reports morning headaches, poor sleep and sleepiness during the day. What do these symptoms suggest?

1. ALow mood, which should be treated with an antidepressant first
2. BNormal tiredness that needs no specific action
3. CA side effect of riluzole, which should be stopped straight away by the nurse
4. DWeak breathing at night, so a review for ventilation support