Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

Which serum sodium result shows hyponatraemia in an adult?

1. A138 mmol/L
2. B142 mmol/L
3. C129 mmol/L
4. D147 mmol/L

Which symptoms are typical of uraemia in advanced kidney disease?

1. ASevere flank pain with visible blood in the urine
2. BExcess thirst with a very high glucose
3. CHeat intolerance, tremor and weight loss
4. DItching, nausea, tiredness and poor appetite

Which classic triad is described in renal cell carcinoma, although few patients have all three?

1. ADysuria, frequency and urgency
2. BFever, headache and a stiff neck
3. CPolyuria, thirst and weight loss with tiredness
4. DHaematuria, flank pain and a palpable mass

Which action is part of an effective bowel programme after a spinal cord injury?

1. AAvoiding fibre to prevent bloating
2. BUsing strong laxatives only when the bowel has not opened for a week
3. CRestricting fluids to reduce the volume of stool
4. DA routine at the same time each day, often after a meal

A patient with atrial fibrillation has had an ischaemic stroke. Which long-term medicine type most reduces the risk of another stroke?

1. AAn oral anticoagulant
2. BA loop diuretic
3. CA beta-agonist inhaler
4. DA proton pump inhibitor

A patient with type 1 diabetes has gastroenteritis and cannot eat. Which sick-day advice is correct?

1. AStop all insulin until normal eating restarts
2. BCheck glucose once a day only and rest in bed until better
3. CKeep taking basal insulin and check glucose and ketones more often
4. DAvoid drinking fluids to reduce the vomiting

A patient with acute glomerulonephritis has a BP of 190/115 mmHg, a severe headache and blurred vision. Which is the priority?

1. AGive extra oral fluids to correct the low urine output
2. BUrgent escalation for BP control and close neuro checks
3. CEncourage a walk to relieve the headache
4. DRecheck the BP at the next routine round

The nurse has four neurology patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with Parkinson's disease whose next dose is due in one hour
2. BA patient with multiple sclerosis who is tired after physiotherapy
3. CA patient with a headache after a lumbar puncture this morning
4. DA patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome whose vital capacity is falling