Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

In countries with enough iodine in the diet, what is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

1. AA pituitary tumour pressing on the gland
2. BThyroid cancer
3. CAutoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's)
4. DToo much iodine in salt

What is an arteriovenous fistula?

1. AA catheter placed into the abdominal cavity
2. BA surgical join between an artery and a vein
3. CA plastic tube placed in a large neck vein
4. DA blood clot that blocks an artery in the arm

How should a peritoneal dialysis catheter exit site be cared for?

1. ACovered with a tight bandage and not looked at for a week
2. BCleaned with a strong bleach solution
3. CKept clean and dry and checked daily for redness
4. DSoaked in a hot bath every day

Why is all urine strained in a patient with suspected kidney stones?

1. ATo stop the stone from blocking the toilet
2. BTo measure the urine volume more accurately
3. CTo catch the stone so it can be analysed
4. DTo remove blood clots before testing

Why is an ACE inhibitor often given to a patient with diabetes and albumin in the urine?

1. AIt stops the kidneys from passing so much urine at night
2. BIt raises potassium to protect the heart
3. CIt protects the kidneys and reduces albumin loss
4. DIt lowers the blood glucose to normal

Apakah pencetus paling lazim disrefleksia autonomi pada pesakit dengan kecederaan saraf tunjang?

1. AHidangan besar yang dimakan terlalu cepat pada waktu malam
2. BPundi kencing penuh atau kateter tersumbat
3. CAras glukosa darah yang rendah
4. DTempoh tidur yang panjang

Six hours after a catheter is removed, a patient has not passed urine and feels uncomfortable. What should the nurse do?

1. AWait until the next morning before checking
2. BDo a bladder scan to check for retention
3. CTell the patient to drink two litres of water quickly
4. DPut the catheter back without assessing

A patient with acromegaly snores loudly, stops breathing at times in sleep and is sleepy during the day. What is most likely?

1. ANormal snoring
2. BAn anxiety disorder
3. CObstructive sleep apnoea
4. DNarcolepsy