Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

Which description fits a cluster headache?

1. AA slowly worsening headache over months with vomiting in the morning
2. BA throbbing headache on both sides after drinking coffee
3. CA mild band-like ache across both sides of the head
4. DSevere one-sided pain around the eye with a watery eye

Which cranial nerve makes the pupil constrict in response to light?

1. AAbducens nerve (VI)
2. BOptic nerve (II) alone
3. CTrochlear nerve (IV)
4. DOculomotor nerve (III)

Which statement about metformin is correct?

1. AIt is given by injection into the abdomen once a week
2. BUsed on its own, it rarely causes hypoglycaemia
3. CIt works by making the pancreas release a lot more insulin
4. DIt is the usual first treatment for type 1 diabetes in adults

A patient with untreated hyperthyroidism is losing weight. Which diet is most appropriate until the condition is controlled?

1. AA low-calorie diet to protect the heart
2. BA strict low-protein diet
3. CA high-calorie diet with enough protein
4. DA diet very high in caffeine for energy

A patient taking sodium valproate becomes tired and is vomiting, and the nurse notices yellowing of the eyes. What is the main concern?

1. AA normal adjustment reaction to the drug
2. BLiver toxicity from valproate
3. CDehydration from drinking too little
4. DA sign that the dose is too low

Why are insulin and glucose given together to treat hyperkalaemia?

1. AInsulin makes the kidneys pass more potassium in the urine
2. BInsulin moves potassium into cells; glucose prevents a hypo
3. CInsulin protects the heart muscle cells from the potassium
4. DGlucose binds the potassium in the blood and removes it

A nurse teaches a patient about peritoneal dialysis. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"If the fluid is cloudy, I'll see if it clears next time."
2. B"I will check my exit site every day."
3. C"I will wash my hands carefully before each exchange."
4. D"I will weigh myself daily and record my fluid balance."

A patient with multiple sclerosis has had worse leg weakness for one day, together with a fever and burning on passing urine. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AA side effect of physiotherapy
2. BA pseudo-relapse caused by infection
3. CA change to progressive MS
4. DA true relapse that needs high-dose steroids