Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

Which common painkiller can harm the kidneys, especially in dehydration?

1. ACodeine
2. BParacetamol (acetaminophen)
3. CIbuprofen
4. DMorphine

In countries with enough iodine in the diet, what is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

1. AAutoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's)
2. BToo much iodine in salt
3. CA pituitary tumour pressing on the gland
4. DThyroid cancer

Apakah maksud kecederaan buah pinggang akut (AKI)?

1. AKehilangan fungsi buah pinggang yang perlahan dan kekal selama bertahun-tahun
2. BPenurunan pantas fungsi buah pinggang dalam beberapa jam hingga hari
3. CJangkitan bakteria pada tisu buah pinggang
4. DBatu karang buah pinggang tanpa sebarang perubahan fungsi

Seorang pesakit yang mengambil dapagliflozin (perencat SGLT2) muntah, dengan keton darah 4.5 mmol/L tetapi glukosa hanya 11 mmol/L. Apakah yang patut disyaki?

1. AKesan sampingan biasa yang tidak memerlukan tindakan
2. BKetoasidosis diabetes euglisemik
3. CHipoglisemia akibat muntah
4. DKeadaan hiperosmolar hiperglisemik

A woman who takes the combined contraceptive pill is starting carbamazepine. What should she be taught?

1. AThe pill makes carbamazepine toxic, so she must stop the pill
2. BShe should take both at the same time so they are absorbed together
3. CThere is no interaction between these two medicines
4. DCarbamazepine can make the pill less effective, so other contraception is needed

Which headache feature most suggests raised intracranial pressure from a brain tumour?

1. AWorse on waking and on coughing, with vomiting
2. BA tight band across the forehead that eases with rest
3. CBetter in the morning and worse with stress
4. DOnly present after reading for a long time

Two days after surgery, an 80-year-old woman is quiet, sleepy, slow to answer and eating little. Her daughter says she is "not herself". What should the nurse suspect?

1. AThe start of Alzheimer's disease
2. BHypoactive delirium
3. CNormal tiredness after an operation
4. DSimple low mood about being in hospital

On the first day after a kidney transplant, urine output suddenly falls from 200 mL/h to 10 mL/h. What should the nurse check first?

1. AThat the catheter is not blocked or kinked
2. BThe patient's temperature and pulse
3. CWhether the patient has eaten
4. DThe patient's blood glucose level