Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

Paras glukosa darah manakah yang lazimnya digunakan untuk mentakrifkan hipoglisemia pada orang yang menghidap diabetes?

1. ADi bawah 1.0 mmol/L (kira-kira 18 mg/dL)
2. BDi bawah 4.0 mmol/L (kira-kira 70 mg/dL)
3. CDi bawah 10 mmol/L (kira-kira 180 mg/dL)
4. DDi bawah 7.0 mmol/L (kira-kira 126 mg/dL)

Which fasting plasma glucose level is used to diagnose diabetes?

1. A4.0 mmol/L (72 mg/dL) or higher
2. B7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) or higher
3. C15.0 mmol/L (270 mg/dL) or higher
4. D5.5 mmol/L (99 mg/dL) or higher

Which hormones are released from the posterior pituitary gland?

1. AGrowth hormone and prolactin
2. BADH (vasopressin) and oxytocin
3. CTSH and ACTH
4. DInsulin and cortisol

Seorang pesakit AKI mempunyai kateter urin yang tidak mengalirkan apa-apa. Semakan pantas di sisi katil manakah yang membantu menyingkirkan punca pascarenal?

1. AMenghantar sampel air kencing untuk kultur dan menunggu keputusan makmal
2. BMemberikan bolus besar cecair IV serta-merta
3. CMemeriksa kateter untuk lipatan atau sekatan dan melakukan imbasan pundi kencing
4. DMenggalakkan pesakit minum dua liter air

An 80-year-old with angina is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. How is levothyroxine usually started?

1. AAt a full dose from the first day
2. BOnly after the angina has been cured
3. CAt a low dose, increased slowly
4. DAs a single large weekly injection

A patient with multiple sclerosis says their symptoms get worse after a hot bath. What should the nurse explain?

1. AHeat can briefly worsen MS symptoms, which settle when they cool down
2. BHot baths cause new areas of damage in the brain
3. CThis shows that the disease has entered a new progressive stage
4. DThey should take very cold baths to reverse the damage

Seorang wanita dengan epilepsi yang mengambil valproat berkata dia merancang kehamilan. Respons manakah yang paling sesuai?

1. AMenenangkannya bahawa valproat selamat sepanjang kehamilan
2. BMenyuruhnya berhenti mengambil valproat sepenuhnya mulai hari ini
3. CMenasihati supaya tidak menghentikannya secara tiba-tiba dan semakan pakar segera
4. DMencadangkan menggandakan dos untuk melindungi bayi daripada sawan

A patient with a brain tumour on high-dose dexamethasone has a capillary glucose of 16 mmol/L (288 mg/dL). They have no history of diabetes. What is the best explanation?

1. ASteroid-induced hyperglycaemia, which needs monitoring and treatment
2. BNormal for this patient, so no action is needed
3. CA sign that the brain tumour has now spread to the pancreas
4. DA lab error, because steroids lower blood glucose