Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

What is spinal shock?

1. AA permanent loss of feeling in both hands only, from nerve damage
2. BA severe allergic reaction to spinal anaesthetic
3. CA temporary loss of reflexes and tone below a spinal cord injury
4. DA very low blood pressure caused by blood loss after trauma

Mengapakah ramai pesakit penyakit buah pinggang kronik mengalami anemia?

1. ABuah pinggang menghasilkan kurang eritropoietin
2. BBuah pinggang memecahkan sel darah merah
3. CDarah hilang dalam air kencing setiap hari
4. DDialisis menyingkirkan zat besi daripada darah

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis typically follows which event?

1. AA throat or skin infection a few weeks earlier
2. BA kidney stone passed the week before
3. CAn episode of bloody diarrhoea from food poisoning
4. DA long course of antibiotics for pneumonia

Why might a patient taking a beta-blocker not notice a hypoglycaemic episode?

1. ABeta-blockers raise blood glucose, so hypos cannot happen
2. BBeta-blockers make the patient sleep through every hypo
3. CBeta-blockers can mask the tremor and racing heart of a hypo
4. DBeta-blockers block the effect of all diabetes medicines

Why is IV calcium gluconate given in severe hyperkalaemia?

1. AIt protects the heart from arrhythmias
2. BIt binds potassium in the gut
3. CIt moves potassium into the cells
4. DIt removes potassium through the kidneys

A patient receives phenytoin through a nasogastric tube along with continuous enteral feed. Which issue should the nurse know about?

1. AThe feed increases phenytoin levels and causes toxicity within hours
2. BPhenytoin must be crushed and mixed into the feed bag
3. CThe feed can reduce phenytoin absorption, so the feed is often paused around the dose
4. DPhenytoin makes the feed curdle, so the two must never be used in one patient

Seorang pesakit mengalami episod sakit kepala teruk, berpeluh, jantung berdebar-debar dan tekanan darah yang sangat tinggi. Keadaan manakah yang patut dipertimbangkan?

1. APenyakit Addison
2. BHipotiroidisme
3. CFeokromositoma
4. DDiabetes insipidus

Semasa infusi alteplas untuk strok, pesakit mengalami sakit kepala teruk, muntah dan GCS yang menurun. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat dahulu?

1. AMenghentikan infusi dan memanggil pasukan strok dengan segera
2. BMemberikan sedatif untuk menenangkan pesakit dan meneruskan
3. CMempercepatkan infusi supaya ia tamat lebih awal
4. DMemberikan antiemetik dan menyemak semula GCS dalam sejam