Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

What is the normal range for total serum calcium in an adult?

1. AAbout 0.7–1.0 mmol/L (2.8–4.0 mg/dL)
2. BAbout 3.5–5.0 mmol/L (14–20 mg/dL)
3. CAbout 1.0–1.5 mmol/L (4.0–6.0 mg/dL)
4. DAbout 2.2–2.6 mmol/L (8.5–10.5 mg/dL)

Ujian darah manakah yang paling lazim digunakan untuk menganggar fungsi buah pinggang?

1. AKreatinin serum (eGFR)
2. BAras albumin serum
3. CHbA1c (hemoglobin terglikasi)
4. DAras amilase serum

How is the headache of a subarachnoid haemorrhage typically described?

1. AOne-sided and throbbing, with an aura beforehand
2. BSlowly worsening over several weeks, worst in the morning
3. CSudden and severe, reaching its peak within about a minute
4. DA tight band around the head that comes and goes

During continuous bladder irrigation, 3200 mL drains out in a shift. 2500 mL of irrigation fluid was put in. What is the true urine output?

1. A2500 mL
2. B700 mL
3. C5700 mL
4. D3200 mL

Why are patients on haemodialysis vaccinated against hepatitis B?

1. AHepatitis B vaccine improves the fistula flow
2. BThe vaccine lowers the potassium level
3. CShared dialysis units carry a higher infection risk
4. DThe vaccine is needed to make the dialyser work

Why is pyridostigmine often taken about 30–60 minutes before meals by patients with myasthenia gravis?

1. ATo lower the blood glucose rise after eating a meal
2. BTo reduce stomach acid so the food is digested better
3. CTo improve the strength of chewing and swallowing at mealtimes
4. DTo stop the drug from irritating an empty stomach later on

Seorang pesakit yang mengambil prednisolon dos tinggi jangka panjang berada tiga hari selepas pembedahan usus. Mereka melaporkan hanya sakit abdomen ringan, tetapi kadar jantung telah meningkat kepada 115/min dan suhu 37.4 °C. Mengapakah jururawat patut sangat bimbang?

1. ASteroid boleh menyembunyikan demam, kesakitan dan peritonisme, menyorokkan komplikasi
2. BSteroid menyebabkan takikardia pada semua pesakit, jadi tiada tindakan diperlukan
3. CSakit ringan menunjukkan usus sedang sembuh seperti yang dijangka
4. DSteroid melindungi daripada jangkitan, jadi sepsis sangat tidak mungkin

Seorang pesakit strok dengan kelemahan sebelah kanan sedia dipindahkan dari katil ke kerusi. Pendekatan manakah yang paling selamat?

1. AMeminta pesakit berdiri seorang diri dan berjalan ke kerusi
2. BMeletakkan kerusi di sebelah kanan dan mengangkat pada lengan yang lemah
3. CMenarik pesakit bangun pada bahu dan pergelangan tangan kanan
4. DMeletakkan kerusi di sebelah kiri dan berputar ke arahnya