Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

What is the most common cause of dementia?

1. AAlzheimer's disease
2. BMultiple sclerosis
3. CParkinson's disease
4. DHuntington's disease

Cecair manakah yang biasanya diberikan dahulu dalam ketoasidosis diabetes?

1. AAir steril untuk suntikan IV
2. BNatrium klorida 0.9% IV
3. CLarutan glukosa 50% IV
4. DMinuman bergula oral dan air

Why should people with diabetic neuropathy avoid walking barefoot?

1. AWalking barefoot raises the blood glucose
2. BInsulin is absorbed less well from the feet and the legs
3. CBare feet lose too much heat through the skin
4. DThey may not feel an injury, so it can go unnoticed

Mengapakah pesakit CKD sering mengambil pengikat fosfat bersama makanan?

1. AIa meningkatkan penyerapan fosfat daripada makanan dalam usus
2. BIa menggantikan hormon eritropoietin yang hilang
3. CIa merendahkan kalium darah dengan mengikatnya dalam usus
4. DIa mengikat fosfat makanan yang tidak dapat dikumuhkan oleh buah pinggang

A patient has radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism. Which advice is correct?

1. AStay in strict isolation in hospital for several months
2. BThere are no precautions, because the dose is tiny
3. CStart breastfeeding again the next day
4. DLimit close contact with children and pregnant women for a time

Why are patients with an acute spinal cord injury at high risk of deep vein thrombosis?

1. AThey usually take oestrogen as part of their treatment
2. BThe injury makes the blood too thin to clot properly in the veins
3. CSpinal injuries always damage the large veins of the legs
4. DParalysed leg muscles no longer pump blood back to the heart

A patient with untreated end-stage kidney disease has chest pain that is worse lying flat and better sitting forward. A rub is heard over the heart. What is most likely?

1. AA stable angina attack, which needs only a nitrate spray and rest
2. BUraemic pericarditis, which usually needs urgent dialysis
3. CIndigestion from phosphate binders
4. DA rib fracture from coughing

A patient with AKI has a low urine sodium and concentrated urine. What does this suggest?

1. AA post-renal blockage, with urine backed up
2. BAcute tubular necrosis, with damaged and leaking tubules
3. CA pre-renal cause, with kidneys holding salt and water
4. DDiabetes insipidus, with too little ADH