Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

Which is a common effect of long-term corticosteroid treatment?

1. AWeight loss and a slim face
2. BLow blood glucose
3. CThinning of the bones
4. DA lower risk of infections

Which three responses make up the Glasgow Coma Scale?

1. AOrientation to time, place and person, plus memory
2. BEye opening, verbal response and motor response
3. CPupil size, pulse and blood pressure
4. DReflexes, muscle tone and sensation

Which description best fits an absence seizure?

1. AA brief staring spell of a few seconds with a quick return to normal
2. BJerking that starts in one hand and spreads up the arm
3. CStiffening and then jerking of all four limbs for several minutes
4. DA sudden loss of muscle tone that makes the person fall

A patient is starting nitrofurantoin for a UTI. Which teaching point is correct?

1. AIt turns the tears and sweat bright orange
2. BIt should be taken on an empty stomach with milk
3. CIt may turn the urine dark yellow or brown
4. DIt must be taken only once a week

How does bladder training help urge incontinence?

1. AThe patient goes to the toilet every 15 minutes
2. BThe patient drinks as little as possible
3. CThe time between voids is slowly increased
4. DA catheter is used every night

Semasa rawatan DKA, glukosa jatuh di bawah kira-kira 14 mmol/L (sekitar 250 mg/dL) tetapi keton masih meningkat. Apakah yang biasanya berlaku?

1. APesakit makan dan rawatan IV dihentikan
2. BGlukosa ditambah ke dalam cecair; insulin diteruskan
3. CSemua cecair IV dihentikan untuk mengelakkan lebihan cecair
4. DInfusi insulin dihentikan serta-merta

A patient with stable epilepsy on phenytoin started a new medicine last week. They now have nystagmus, an unsteady gait and slurred speech. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the next phenytoin dose early to prevent a seizure
2. BEncourage the patient to walk more to improve their balance
3. CSuspect phenytoin toxicity, hold the next dose and ask for a drug level
4. DSuspect a new stroke and give aspirin straight away before any scan

An 89-year-old with stage 5 CKD and severe heart failure, who has capacity, decides not to start dialysis. What is the nurse's best response?

1. ATell the patient they must start dialysis by law
2. BStop all care, because nothing more can be done
3. CAsk the family to change the patient's mind
4. DRespect the decision and support symptom-focused care