Lembaran kerja Farmakologi dengan jawapan

Why is adrenaline (epinephrine) sometimes added to a local anaesthetic injection?

1. AIt speeds up the removal of the anaesthetic from the tissue into the blood
2. BIt constricts vessels, so the block lasts longer and less enters the blood
3. CIt makes the anaesthetic act on the brain as well
4. DIt prevents allergic reactions to the anaesthetic

Permethrin is used to treat:

1. AFungal nail infections
2. BPsoriasis
3. CAcne
4. DScabies and head lice

Famotidine belongs to which drug class?

1. AProton pump inhibitors
2. BProstaglandin analogues
3. CAntacids
4. DH2 receptor antagonists

Which adverse effect of doxorubicin requires monitoring of heart function?

1. ASevere hypertension during the infusion itself
2. BPericarditis caused by infection
3. CRapid rise in cholesterol
4. DCumulative heart muscle damage leading to heart failure

A patient with heart failure starts furosemide. Which self-monitoring instruction is most useful?

1. AMeasure the temperature twice a day and record it in a diary
2. BCount the respiratory rate each evening
3. CCheck the blood glucose before every meal
4. DWeigh daily at the same time on the same scales

Why is propranolol usually avoided in patients with asthma?

1. AIt causes tolerance to inhaled corticosteroids
2. BIt blocks beta-2 receptors in the airways and can cause bronchospasm
3. CIt increases mucus production by blocking histamine
4. DIt stimulates alpha-1 receptors in the airways and raises blood pressure

Bayi baru lahir yang diberi kloramfenikol boleh mendapat "sindrom bayi kelabu". Apakah sebab utamanya?

1. AKloramfenikol ditukar kepada vitamin K pada neonat
2. BBayi baru lahir menghasilkan antibodi terhadap ubat
3. CBuah pinggang bayi merembeskan ubat terlalu cepat, jadi dos yang lebih tinggi diberikan
4. DGlukuronidasi yang belum matang dalam hati membolehkan ubat terkumpul

A patient on long-term prednisolone has been vomiting for two days and could not take her tablets. She is now hypotensive and confused, with low sodium and high potassium. What is the most urgent treatment?

1. AIV insulin with glucose only
2. BOral prednisolone with a glass of water
3. CIV furosemide
4. DIV hydrocortisone and IV fluids