Lembaran kerja Farmakologi dengan jawapan

Apakah tindak balas ubat yang buruk (adverse drug reaction)?

1. AKesan terapeutik yang dimaksudkan bagi sesuatu ubat
2. BTindak balas berbahaya yang tidak diingini terhadap ubat pada dos normal
3. CTindak balas yang berlaku hanya selepas terlebih dos
4. DSebarang kesan ubat yang disedari pesakit

What is the purpose of "Tall Man" lettering, such as hydrOXYzine and hydrALAZINE?

1. ATo reduce confusion between look-alike drug names
2. BTo show which drugs are high-alert medications
3. CTo show the brand name of the drug
4. DTo show which drugs are for children

Why is adrenaline (epinephrine) sometimes added to a local anaesthetic injection?

1. AIt speeds up the removal of the anaesthetic from the tissue into the blood
2. BIt makes the anaesthetic act on the brain as well
3. CIt constricts vessels, so the block lasts longer and less enters the blood
4. DIt prevents allergic reactions to the anaesthetic

A woman taking the combined pill should seek care urgently for which symptom?

1. AA painful, swollen calf or sudden chest pain
2. BLight spotting between periods early on
3. CMild breast tenderness in the first month
4. DSlight nausea in the first few weeks

A patient has oral mucositis after chemotherapy. Which advice is appropriate?

1. AUse an alcohol-based mouthwash several times a day to kill germs
2. BUse a soft toothbrush and rinse with saline or a bland mouthwash
3. CEat spicy and acidic foods to stimulate healing
4. DBrush hard with a firm toothbrush to remove debris

Methylergometrine (methylergonovine) is prescribed for postpartum bleeding. Which finding would make the nurse withhold it and check with the prescriber?

1. ATemperature of 37.2 °C (99 °F)
2. BBlood pressure of 160/105 mmHg
3. CHaemoglobin slightly below normal
4. DHeart rate of 88 per minute

Kodeina ditukar kepada morfin oleh CYP2D6. Apakah yang berlaku pada pesakit yang merupakan pemetabolisme ultra-pantas CYP2D6?

1. AKodeina dirembeskan tanpa berubah dalam air kencing
2. BKodeina memberi hampir tiada kelegaan sakit kerana sedikit morfin terbentuk
3. CLebih banyak morfin terbentuk, meningkatkan risiko ketoksikan opioid
4. DKodeina hanya ditukar kepada sebatian tidak aktif

Bayi baru lahir yang diberi kloramfenikol boleh mendapat "sindrom bayi kelabu". Apakah sebab utamanya?

1. ABayi baru lahir menghasilkan antibodi terhadap ubat
2. BBuah pinggang bayi merembeskan ubat terlalu cepat, jadi dos yang lebih tinggi diberikan
3. CKloramfenikol ditukar kepada vitamin K pada neonat
4. DGlukuronidasi yang belum matang dalam hati membolehkan ubat terkumpul