Lembaran kerja Farmakologi dengan jawapan

Which adverse effect of ethambutol requires vision checks?

1. ACataracts that form within a few days of starting
2. BOptic neuritis, with blurred vision and colour blindness
3. CBleeding in the back of the eye
4. DPermanent dilation of the pupils

Psyllium (ispaghula husk) is which type of laxative?

1. ABulk-forming
2. BStool softener
3. CStimulant
4. DOsmotic

Where should an adrenaline (epinephrine) auto-injector be given?

1. AInto a vein in the arm
2. BUnder the tongue
3. CInto the outer thigh muscle
4. DInto the abdomen under the skin

Which rule applies when giving phenytoin intravenously?

1. AGive it in the same line as other drugs without flushing
2. BMix it with glucose 5% to prevent low blood sugar
3. CGive it as a rapid push to stop seizures faster
4. DMix or flush it only with normal saline and give it slowly

After several years of levodopa treatment, which problem is common?

1. ASevere hypoglycaemia after each dose
2. BComplete and permanent loss of all Parkinson's symptoms
3. CDyskinesias and "on–off" fluctuations in response
4. DPermanent hearing loss

Which teaching about zolpidem is correct?

1. ATake it with alcohol to make it act faster
2. BDrive soon after waking, as the drug has no next-day effect
3. CTake it right before bed, only if you can sleep a full night
4. DTake it in the morning so that it is out of the system by night

A nurse gives 2 mg from a 4 mg ampoule of morphine. What should happen to the remaining 2 mg?

1. AIt is poured down the sink without telling anyone
2. BIt is given to the next patient who needs morphine
3. CIt is discarded in front of a witness, and both sign the record
4. DIt is kept labelled in the patient's drawer for the next dose

A patient receiving a phenylephrine infusion has a rise in blood pressure and a fall in heart rate. What is the best explanation?

1. APhenylephrine directly blocks beta-1 receptors in the heart's conduction system
2. BPhenylephrine stimulates muscarinic receptors
3. CThe fall in heart rate shows phenylephrine toxicity of the AV node
4. DAlpha-1 vasoconstriction raises blood pressure and causes reflex bradycardia