Lembaran kerja Farmakologi dengan jawapan

How does ezetimibe lower cholesterol?

1. AIt reduces the absorption of cholesterol from the intestine
2. BIt binds bile acids in the gut
3. CIt inhibits HMG-CoA reductase in the liver
4. DIt increases the excretion of cholesterol in the urine and bile

Why is HIV treated with a combination of antiretroviral drugs?

1. ATo suppress the virus and prevent drug resistance
2. BBecause one drug alone causes no side effects
3. CBecause each single drug cures only part of the infection
4. DTo make the treatment shorter, usually a few weeks

In the United States, what does a Schedule II controlled substance mean?

1. AA drug with accepted medical use but a high risk of abuse
2. BA drug with almost no risk of abuse
3. CA drug available freely over the counter
4. DA drug with no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse

After several years of levodopa treatment, which problem is common?

1. ADyskinesias and "on–off" fluctuations in response
2. BSevere hypoglycaemia after each dose
3. CPermanent hearing loss
4. DComplete and permanent loss of all Parkinson's symptoms

Besides lithium levels, which blood tests are monitored in long-term lithium treatment?

1. ATroponin and CK-MB
2. BLiver enzymes, serum amylase and lipase
3. CINR and fibrinogen
4. DKidney function and thyroid function

Mengapakah pesakit yang mengambil klozapin memerlukan kiraan darah berkala?

1. AIa mengubah kumpulan darah
2. BIa menaikkan kiraan platelet dengan berbahaya
3. CIa sering menyebabkan anemia kekurangan zat besi
4. DIa boleh menyebabkan agranulositosis

A patient with asthma starts timolol eye drops for glaucoma and soon becomes wheezy. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe eye drops contain an allergen that causes hay fever and asthma
2. BTimolol activates histamine receptors in the lungs
3. CThe wheeze is unrelated to the eye drops
4. DTimolol is absorbed and blocks beta-2 receptors in the airways

An older patient with coronary artery disease is starting levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. Why is a low starting dose used?

1. AFast replacement raises cardiac oxygen demand and can cause angina
2. BOlder patients absorb levothyroxine much better, so small doses are all they need
3. CHigh starting doses cause permanent hypothyroidism
4. DLevothyroxine causes severe hypoglycaemia in older patients