Lembaran kerja Farmakologi dengan jawapan

After chemotherapy, what is the "nadir"?

1. AThe day the drug is given
2. BThe point when blood cell counts are at their lowest
3. CThe time when nausea is worst
4. DThe point when the tumour is at its smallest after treatment

Which drug is first-line for symptomatic bradycardia in adults?

1. AMetoprolol
2. BAtropine
3. CAdenosine
4. DDigoxin

Why is anti-D immunoglobulin given to an Rh-negative mother?

1. ATo stop her forming anti-D antibodies against Rh-positive fetal cells
2. BTo make her own blood group Rh-positive before the next pregnancy
3. CTo speed up labour
4. DTo treat anaemia in the newborn

Why are patients taking simvastatin often advised to avoid large amounts of grapefruit juice?

1. AGrapefruit makes the tablet dissolve in the mouth
2. BGrapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 in the gut, raising simvastatin levels and myopathy risk
3. CGrapefruit speeds up simvastatin breakdown in the liver, so the drug stops working
4. DGrapefruit blocks cholesterol absorption and causes low cholesterol

Why should NSAIDs be used with caution in some people with asthma?

1. AThey cause mucus plugs by drying the airways
2. BThey increase the clearance of salbutamol
3. CThey can trigger bronchospasm in aspirin-sensitive asthma
4. DThey block the anti-inflammatory effect of inhaled corticosteroids

A patient is starting olanzapine. Which monitoring is most important over the following months?

1. AWeight, blood glucose and blood lipids
2. BINR and platelet count
3. CPeak expiratory flow
4. DHearing tests and vision tests every month

Mengapakah dos gentamisin dipantau dengan paras darah?

1. AIa hanya berfungsi pada kepekatan yang sangat tinggi
2. BIa dimetabolismekan sepenuhnya oleh hati, jadi fungsi hati menentukan dos
3. CIa menyebabkan hipoglisemia teruk
4. DIa nefrotoksik dan ototoksik dengan indeks terapeutik yang sempit

Bayi baru lahir yang diberi kloramfenikol boleh mendapat "sindrom bayi kelabu". Apakah sebab utamanya?

1. ABayi baru lahir menghasilkan antibodi terhadap ubat
2. BGlukuronidasi yang belum matang dalam hati membolehkan ubat terkumpul
3. CBuah pinggang bayi merembeskan ubat terlalu cepat, jadi dos yang lebih tinggi diberikan
4. DKloramfenikol ditukar kepada vitamin K pada neonat