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1.Mudah
Apakah peranan utama kortikosteroid disedut dalam asma?
AUntuk mengurangkan keradangan saluran udara dan mencegah serangan
BUntuk mencairkan mukus supaya boleh dibatukkan
CUntuk membunuh bakteria dalam saluran udara
DUntuk melegakan bronkospasma mendadak dalam beberapa minit
2.Mudah
Why is HIV treated with a combination of antiretroviral drugs?
ABecause one drug alone causes no side effects
BTo make the treatment shorter, usually a few weeks
CBecause each single drug cures only part of the infection
DTo suppress the virus and prevent drug resistance
3.Mudah
What is the purpose of "Tall Man" lettering, such as hydrOXYzine and hydrALAZINE?
ATo show which drugs are high-alert medications
BTo reduce confusion between look-alike drug names
CTo show the brand name of the drug
DTo show which drugs are for children
4.Sederhana
A patient given haloperidol develops a sudden painful twisting of the neck and the eyes roll upward. Which drug is usually given?
AAn anticholinergic such as benzatropine (benztropine)
BNaloxone
CA second dose of haloperidol
DDantrolene by mouth to relax the twisted neck muscles
5.Sederhana
Besides lithium levels, which blood tests are monitored in long-term lithium treatment?
AINR and fibrinogen
BLiver enzymes, serum amylase and lipase
CTroponin and CK-MB
DKidney function and thyroid function
6.Sederhana
Bagaimanakah metformin terutamanya menurunkan glukosa darah?
AIa menyekat penyerapan glukosa di buah pinggang
BIa mengurangkan penghasilan glukosa oleh hati
CIa menggantikan insulin yang hilang
DIa merangsang pembebasan insulin daripada pankreas
7.Sukar
A woman with epilepsy who takes an antiepileptic drug plans to become pregnant. Which advice is standard?
ANo change is needed, as antiepileptics carry no risk in pregnancy
BTake folic acid before conception and seek specialist review of her medication
CStop all antiepileptic drugs straight away as soon as she stops contraception
DAvoid folic acid because it lowers drug levels
8.Sukar
Which regimen is standard for eradicating Helicobacter pylori?
AA single dose of an antibiotic given intravenously
BAn antacid alone, taken after meals and at bedtime for six months
CAn H2 blocker taken only when pain occurs
DAcid suppression plus at least two antibiotics, often with bismuth, for 14 days
Kunci jawapan
1. A · Untuk mengurangkan keradangan saluran udara dan mencegah serangan
2. D · To suppress the virus and prevent drug resistance
3. B · To reduce confusion between look-alike drug names
4. A · An anticholinergic such as benzatropine (benztropine)
5. D · Kidney function and thyroid function
6. B · Ia mengurangkan penghasilan glukosa oleh hati
7. B · Take folic acid before conception and seek specialist review of her medication
8. D · Acid suppression plus at least two antibiotics, often with bismuth, for 14 days
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