Lembaran kerja Farmakologi dengan jawapan

How do second-generation antihistamines such as cetirizine and loratadine differ from older ones?

1. AThey cause much less drowsiness
2. BThey are given only by injection
3. CThey block H2 receptors in the stomach
4. DThey work only on the skin

In hepatic encephalopathy, lactulose is given mainly to:

1. AReduce fluid in the abdomen
2. BLower the blood ammonia level
3. CStop bleeding from varices
4. DRaise the blood glucose level

Mesalazine (mesalamine) is used mainly to treat:

1. AIrritable bowel syndrome with constipation
2. BGallstones
3. CPeptic ulcer
4. DUlcerative colitis

Bethanechol may be used for non-obstructive urinary retention. How does it work?

1. AIt increases urine production in the kidney
2. BIt blocks muscarinic receptors and relaxes the bladder wall muscle
3. CIt stimulates muscarinic receptors and contracts the bladder muscle
4. DIt shrinks the prostate gland

Mengapakah pesakit yang mengambil klozapin memerlukan kiraan darah berkala?

1. AIa menaikkan kiraan platelet dengan berbahaya
2. BIa mengubah kumpulan darah
3. CIa boleh menyebabkan agranulositosis
4. DIa sering menyebabkan anemia kekurangan zat besi

A woman taking tamoxifen should report which symptom promptly?

1. AMild hot flushes, especially at night, in the first months
2. BUnusual vaginal bleeding or a painful swollen leg
3. CMild tiredness in the afternoon
4. DSlightly dry skin

A patient on warfarin is taught about diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will use a soft toothbrush and an electric razor."
2. B"I will stop eating all green vegetables from now on."
3. C"I will tell my dentist that I take warfarin."
4. D"I will keep the amount of green leafy vegetables I eat about the same each week."

Why is pethidine (meperidine) avoided in older people and in kidney impairment?

1. AIt causes severe hypoglycaemia in these groups
2. BIt has no pain-relieving effect in older people
3. CIts metabolite norpethidine builds up and can cause seizures
4. DIt is not absorbed from the gut when kidney function is poor