Lembaran kerja Farmakologi dengan jawapan

Varenicline helps people stop smoking because it:

1. AMakes cigarettes taste bitter
2. BIs a nicotinic partial agonist that reduces craving and reward
3. CIs a form of nicotine absorbed slowly through the skin
4. DBlocks dopamine receptors in the brain completely

Tampalan fentanil yang dilekatkan pada kulit ialah contoh laluan yang mana?

1. AIntradermal
2. BSublingual
3. CSubkutaneus
4. DTransdermal

Laluan pemberian manakah yang mengelakkan metabolisme lintasan pertama di hati?

1. ASupositori rektum yang diletakkan tinggi dalam rektum
2. BTablet oral
3. CIntravena
4. DLarutan oral

Which approach is usually recommended to prevent constipation in a patient on regular opioids?

1. AAn antidiarrhoeal drug at night to slow the gut
2. BNo laxative until the patient has not opened the bowels for a week
3. CA stimulant laxative such as senna, often with a stool softener
4. DBulk-forming fibre alone, with fluid intake restricted

Why are benzodiazepines used with great caution in older people?

1. AThey raise the risk of confusion, falls and fractures
2. BThey are not absorbed from the gut after age 65
3. CThey cause severe high blood pressure in older people
4. DThey cause permanent hearing loss in older people

Which adverse effects are typical of donepezil?

1. ADry mouth, constipation and a fast heart rate
2. BHair loss and skin pigmentation
3. CWeight gain and high blood glucose
4. DNausea, diarrhoea and a slow heart rate

Which regimen is standard for eradicating Helicobacter pylori?

1. AA single dose of an antibiotic given intravenously
2. BAn H2 blocker taken only when pain occurs
3. CAcid suppression plus at least two antibiotics, often with bismuth, for 14 days
4. DAn antacid alone, taken after meals and at bedtime for six months

A toddler swallowed many of his mother's iron tablets. He has vomiting and bloody diarrhoea. Which drug may be used to bind iron?

1. AAcetylcysteine
2. BActivated charcoal given by mouth
3. CDeferoxamine (desferrioxamine)
4. DNaloxone