Lembaran kerja Farmakologi dengan jawapan

Dalam fasa ujian klinikal yang mana ubat baharu biasanya mula-mula diberi kepada manusia, sering sukarelawan sihat?

1. AFasa III
2. BFasa II
3. CFasa IV
4. DFasa I

Atropin menyekat jenis reseptor yang mana?

1. AReseptor histamin H1
2. BReseptor nikotinik pada simpang neuromuskular
3. CReseptor adrenergik beta-1
4. DReseptor asetilkolin muskarinik

Dobutamine is mainly used to:

1. ADissolve clots in the coronary arteries
2. BSlow the heart rate in fast atrial fibrillation with low blood pressure
3. CIncrease heart contractility in cardiogenic shock or acute heart failure
4. DTreat high blood pressure at home

Bagaimanakah perencat ACE menurunkan tekanan darah?

1. AMenyekat penukaran angiotensin I kepada angiotensin II
2. BMenyekat reseptor beta-1 di jantung
3. CMeningkatkan penyerapan semula natrium di buah pinggang
4. DMenyekat saluran kalsium jenis-L dalam sel otot licin vaskular

Which assessment is most important before giving a dose of IV morphine?

1. ARespiratory rate and level of sedation
2. BPupil size and hearing
3. CBowel sounds and urine colour
4. DBlood glucose and temperature, checked before each dose

A patient is starting olanzapine. Which monitoring is most important over the following months?

1. AHearing tests and vision tests every month
2. BPeak expiratory flow
3. CINR and platelet count
4. DWeight, blood glucose and blood lipids

Which statement correctly contrasts donepezil and memantine in Alzheimer's disease?

1. ADonepezil inhibits cholinesterase; memantine blocks NMDA receptors
2. BBoth drugs are dopamine agonists that differ only in their half-lives
3. CBoth drugs remove amyloid plaques from the brain
4. DDonepezil blocks NMDA receptors; memantine inhibits acetylcholinesterase

Why is clavulanic acid combined with amoxicillin (co-amoxiclav)?

1. AIt reduces the risk of penicillin allergy
2. BIt slows the kidney excretion of amoxicillin
3. CIt makes amoxicillin cross the blood–brain barrier more easily
4. DIt inhibits beta-lactamase enzymes that would destroy amoxicillin