Lembaran kerja Farmakologi dengan jawapan

Oxytocin is used in obstetrics mainly to:

1. ALower blood pressure in pre-eclampsia
2. BMature the fetal lungs before birth
3. CStop preterm labour by relaxing the uterine muscle
4. DInduce or strengthen contractions and prevent postpartum bleeding

Vitamin D supplements support bone health mainly by:

1. AReplacing collagen in bone
2. BIncreasing calcium loss in the urine
3. CStimulating osteoclasts to break down bone
4. DIncreasing calcium absorption from the gut

Which opioid receptor is mainly responsible for the pain relief and respiratory depression of morphine?

1. AKappa receptor
2. BDelta receptor
3. CNicotinic receptor
4. DMu receptor

Apixaban dan rivaroxaban ialah antikoagulan yang merencat secara langsung:

1. ATrombin
2. BReseptor P2Y12 platelet
3. CFaktor Xa
4. DVitamin K epoksida reduktase

A patient takes cholestyramine. How should other oral medicines be timed?

1. ATake them all at the same time as cholestyramine
2. BMix them into the cholestyramine drink so they are taken together
3. CTiming does not matter, as cholestyramine is not absorbed
4. DTake them 1 hour before or several hours after cholestyramine

Long-term use of metformin can cause a deficiency of which vitamin?

1. AVitamin D
2. BVitamin B12
3. CVitamin K
4. DVitamin A

A patient with severe chronic hyponatraemia receives hypertonic saline. Why is the rate of correction strictly limited?

1. AHypertonic saline is toxic to the liver at high rates
2. BRaising sodium too fast causes severe hypokalaemia and cardiac arrest
3. CFast correction causes immediate kidney failure
4. DRaising sodium too fast can cause osmotic demyelination in the brain

Sifat manakah yang menjadikan ubat lebih berkemungkinan merentasi sawar darah–otak?

1. AKeterlarutan air yang tinggi dan pengionan yang kuat
2. BKeterlarutan lipid yang tinggi dan saiz kecil
3. CBerat molekul besar dan pengikatan protein yang kuat
4. DCas positif pada pH fisiologi