Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: cardiovasculair en respiratoir met antwoorden

What happens to the lungs in emphysema?

1. AThe bronchi become permanently widened and repeatedly infected
2. BThe pleural space slowly fills with fluid that compresses the lung
3. CAlveolar walls are destroyed, reducing the surface for gas exchange
4. DThe airways narrow briefly and fully recover

What does the term "preload" describe?

1. AThe amount of blood left in the atria after systole
2. BThe resistance the ventricle pumps against
3. CThe force of contraction regardless of filling
4. DThe stretch of the ventricle at the end of filling

Finger clubbing is commonly linked with which condition?

1. AHigh blood pressure
2. BBronchiectasis
3. CAcute bronchitis
4. DMild asthma

A patient uses a salbutamol (albuterol) inhaler and a steroid inhaler at the same times each day. Which order is usually taught?

1. AThe order makes no difference to either drug
2. BSteroid first, then salbutamol straight afterwards
3. CBoth inhalers puffed together in one breath
4. DSalbutamol first, then the steroid after a short wait

A patient with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator asks what to do if it fires. Which teaching is correct?

1. AOne shock and well: contact the device clinic; repeated shocks or unwell: call emergency services
2. BRemove the device battery at home if it fires more than once
3. CDrive straight to hospital alone after any shock so the device can be checked by the team
4. DIgnore any shock at all, because the device is designed to fire every day and needs no follow-up

After varicose vein surgery, which advice is usually given?

1. AAvoid all walking until the bruising has gone
2. BStay in bed for two weeks with the legs hanging down
3. CWear the compression stockings as advised and walk regularly
4. DStand still for long periods to help the veins heal

A patient with obstructive sleep apnoea who uses CPAP at home is having surgery. Which plan is safest after the operation?

1. AGive extra opioids so the patient sleeps through the night
2. BLeave the CPAP machine at home, as it is not needed while in hospital
3. CNurse the patient lying flat on their back to keep the airway open
4. DUse their CPAP machine and monitor closely, using opioids with caution

A patient with a stab wound to the chest has a hole that sucks air with each breath. What is the immediate management?

1. ALeave it open and give a nebuliser
2. BPack the wound tightly with gauze pushed deep into the chest
3. CCover it with a vented chest seal or a dressing taped on three sides
4. DSeal it completely with tape on all four sides and leave it alone