Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: maag-darmstelsel, perioperatief en oncologie met antwoorden

Wat is de meest voorkomende oorzaak van dunnedarmobstructie bij volwassenen in hoge-inkomenslanden?

1. AIngeslikte vreemde voorwerpen
2. BVerklevingen (adhesies) door eerdere operaties
3. CGalstenen die in de hals van de galblaas vastzitten
4. DColorectaal carcinoom

Which drug is commonly used to prevent or treat postoperative nausea and vomiting?

1. AOndansetron
2. BFurosemide
3. CAmlodipine
4. DAtorvastatin

What is the Braden scale (or a similar tool such as Waterlow) used for?

1. AMeasuring a patient's level of consciousness
2. BScoring the severity of nausea
3. CAssessing the risk of developing pressure ulcers
4. DGrading the depth of a burn wound before dressing it

For which stoma can colostomy irrigation be considered?

1. AA new ileostomy in the first week
2. BAn ileal conduit draining urine
3. CAny stoma that has liquid or very loose output
4. DAn established descending or sigmoid colostomy

Which statement correctly describes physical dependence on opioids?

1. AThe patient always craves the drug and misuses it despite harm
2. BThe patient is allergic to opioids
3. CWithdrawal occurs if the drug is stopped suddenly
4. DThe drug no longer has any side effects

Which long-term effect must be monitored in patients receiving anthracyclines such as doxorubicin?

1. AExcess growth of body hair
2. BPermanent high blood glucose
3. CDamage to the heart muscle
4. DLoss of the sense of smell

A patient who takes NSAIDs suddenly develops severe epigastric pain, a rigid abdomen and shoulder-tip pain. Which finding would most support the likely diagnosis?

1. AFluid levels in the bladder on an ultrasound scan
2. BFree air under the diaphragm on an erect chest X-ray
3. CA raised serum lipase three times the upper limit
4. DTall, peaked T waves on a 12-lead ECG

On day 5 after hip surgery, a patient suddenly becomes breathless, with sharp chest pain on breathing in, a pulse of 120/min and SpO₂ 89%. What should the nurse suspect and do first?

1. ASimple atelectasis; encourage walking around the ward
2. BPulmonary embolism; sit up, give oxygen and call for urgent help
3. CAnxiety; give reassurance and repeat the observations in an hour's time
4. DWound infection; take a wound swab and wait for results