Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: neurologie, endocrinologie en nieren met antwoorden

Welk ademhalingspatroon is typisch voor diabetische ketoacidose?

1. ACheyne-Stokes-ademhaling
2. BDiepe, snelle (Kussmaul-)ademhaling
3. CSnelle, oppervlakkige hijgende ademhaling met piepen
4. DLangzame, oppervlakkige ademhaling

What is the main cause of type 1 diabetes?

1. AEating too much sugar and sweet food during childhood
2. BAutoimmune destruction of the insulin-making beta cells
3. CA lack of glucagon from the pancreas
4. DInsulin resistance caused mainly by excess body weight

How does glucagon raise blood glucose?

1. AIt blocks the absorption of glucose in muscle
2. BIt stops the kidneys losing glucose in urine
3. CIt adds glucose directly into the bloodstream
4. DIt makes the liver release stored glucose

Why are patients on haemodialysis vaccinated against hepatitis B?

1. AThe vaccine is needed to make the dialyser work
2. BHepatitis B vaccine improves the fistula flow
3. CShared dialysis units carry a higher infection risk
4. DThe vaccine lowers the potassium level

A patient taking warfarin is diagnosed with an intracerebral haemorrhage. What is the priority treatment?

1. AUrgent reversal of the anticoagulant effect
2. BDoubling the warfarin dose to stabilise the INR
3. CIV thrombolysis within 4,5 hours
4. DStarting aspirin to prevent further clots

Why must Parkinson's medicines be given on time in hospital?

1. AGiving them on time prevents the disease from getting worse
2. BLate doses build up in the blood and cause an overdose
3. CLate doses cause the patient to develop high blood glucose
4. DLate doses can soon cause stiffness, falls and poor swallowing

Welk probleem met het tijdstip van medicatie is belangrijk voor patiënten die hemodialyse krijgen?

1. AOp dialysedagen mogen geen geneesmiddelen worden ingenomen
2. BAlle geneesmiddelen moeten vlak voor de sessie worden gegeven
3. CDialyseerbare geneesmiddelen moeten mogelijk na de sessie worden gegeven
4. DDialyse verwijdert geen geneesmiddelen

After a stroke, a patient suddenly cries or laughs at odd moments. They say they do not feel sad. Which response is most appropriate?

1. AAsk the doctor for a sedative to stop the outbursts
2. BTell the patient that crying will slow their recovery
3. CIgnore it, because it shows that the patient is seeking attention from the staff
4. DExplain that this is emotional lability after stroke and help the family understand