Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: neurologie, endocrinologie en nieren met antwoorden

Why are patients with a spinal cord injury at very high risk of pressure injuries?

1. ATheir blood sugar is always very high, which damages the skin
2. BTheir skin is thinner than other people's skin
3. CThey cannot feel or move the body below the injury
4. DThey usually have a high fever for many weeks

What is the main cause of the movement problems in Parkinson's disease?

1. ALoss of the myelin sheath around nerves in the brain and spinal cord
2. BToo much dopamine released in the basal ganglia
3. CLoss of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra
4. DAntibodies that attack acetylcholine receptors in muscle

What is an arteriovenous fistula?

1. AA blood clot that blocks an artery in the arm
2. BA plastic tube placed in a large neck vein
3. CA surgical join between an artery and a vein
4. DA catheter placed into the abdominal cavity

Hoe wordt de cerebrale perfusiedruk (CPP) berekend?

1. ASystolische arteriële druk plus intracraniële druk
2. BGemiddelde arteriële druk min intracraniële druk
3. CDiastolische druk min centraal veneuze druk
4. DGemiddelde arteriële druk gedeeld door hartfrequentie

Which measure best prevents catheter-associated urinary tract infection?

1. ADisconnect the bag regularly to empty it
2. BKeep the drainage bag above bladder level
3. CChange the catheter for a new one every day
4. DRemove the catheter as soon as it is no longer needed

A patient is due a rapid-acting insulin dose before lunch, but the meal trays are delayed. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the insulin with a glass of water instead
2. BWait to give the insulin until the meal arrives
3. CGive the insulin now and the meal when it comes
4. DOmit the dose entirely for the rest of the day

A nurse teaches the family of a patient on insulin how to manage a severe hypo. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"When she can swallow, I will give her a snack."
2. B"If she is unconscious, I will pour juice into her mouth."
3. C"I will put her on her side and call an ambulance straight away."
4. D"I will give the glucagon as I was shown."

Six weeks after a kidney transplant, a patient has a fever, tenderness over the graft, less urine and a rising creatinine. What is most likely?

1. ADehydration that needs only more oral fluids and rest
2. BA side effect of sun exposure
3. CA normal finding as the kidney settles in
4. DAcute rejection, needing urgent transplant team review