1.Ustalanie priorytetów i delegowanieŚredni
A swimmer is found unresponsive after diving into shallow water. Which method should the nurse use to open the airway?
- AHead-tilt, chin-lift with full neck extension
- BRaising the chin while bending the neck forward
- CTurning the head to the side to drain water
- DJaw thrust, keeping the head and neck in line
2.Ustalanie priorytetów i delegowanieTrudny
An older adult with type 2 diabetes is confused and very dehydrated. The glucose is 900 mg/dL (50 mmol/L), and blood and urine show no significant ketones. What is the most likely problem?
- ADiabetic ketoacidosis
- BStress-induced mild hyperglycemia
- CHypoglycemia with rebound
- DHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
3.Kontrola zakażeń i bezpieczeństwo pacjentaŚredni
Which nursing care reduces the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia?
- ALying the patient flat for most of the day
- BLeaving secretions in the mouth to protect the airway
- CRegular oral care to reduce bacteria in the mouth
- DChanging the ventilator circuit every few hours
4.Kontrola zakażeń i bezpieczeństwo pacjentaTrudny
During a disaster, the hospital needs to free beds quickly. Which patient is the best candidate for early discharge?
- AA patient on an IV heparin infusion that is still being adjusted
- BA patient on a ventilator in the intensive care unit who is slowly improving
- CA patient with ongoing chest pain awaiting cardiac tests
- DA patient admitted overnight for observation who is now stable with normal tests
5.Wartości laboratoryjne i elektrolityŚredni
In the third trimester of pregnancy, a woman's alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is about twice the usual adult range, and the other liver tests are normal. What is the best interpretation?
- AA normal rise from placental ALP
- BA sign of blocked bile ducts
- CA sign of acute viral hepatitis
- DA sign of new bone cancer
6.Wartości laboratoryjne i elektrolityTrudny
A patient has fatigue, weight loss, darkening of the skin and low blood pressure. Results: sodium 130 mEq/L, potassium 5,6 mEq/L. Which test pattern would confirm primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease)?
- ALow cortisol with a high ACTH
- BLow cortisol with a low ACTH
- CHigh cortisol with a low ACTH
- DHigh cortisol with a high ACTH
7.Pielęgniarstwo kliniczneŚredni
A patient with sickle cell disease is admitted with a painful crisis. What is a key early nursing priority?
- ADelaying pain relief until a diagnosis is confirmed
- BGiving prompt, effective analgesia
- CRestricting oral fluids
- DApplying cold packs to the painful areas
8.Pielęgniarstwo kliniczneTrudny
A few hours after cardiac surgery, a patient has low blood pressure, a raised jugular venous pressure and quiet, muffled heart sounds. What should be suspected?
- AHyperkalaemia
- BHypovolaemia from dehydration
- CCardiac tamponade
- DPneumonia
9.Choroby wewnętrzne i chirurgiczne: układ krążenia i oddechowyŚredni
Which feature of a COPD exacerbation most suggests that antibiotics are needed?
- AAn increase in purulent (green or yellow) sputum
- BA mild sore throat that lasted for one day only
- CA dry, tickly cough with no sputum at all for a day
- DA clear runny nose
10.Choroby wewnętrzne i chirurgiczne: układ krążenia i oddechowyTrudny
Pacjent ze znanym nadciśnieniem ma ciśnienie 186/112 mmHg bez objawów i bez cech uszkodzenia narządów. Która reakcja jest najodpowiedniejsza?
- APonownie zmierzyć, zgłosić i spodziewać się leczenia doustnego w ciągu godzin lub dni
- BNie podejmować działań, ponieważ pacjent czuje się dobrze i nie ma objawów
- CWezwać zespół resuscytacyjny i przygotować się do intubacji
- DPodać dożylny bolus leku hipotensyjnego, aby osiągnąć 120/80 mmHg w ciągu 15 minut
11.Choroby wewnętrzne i chirurgiczne: neurologia, endokrynologia i nerkiŚredni
Which approach helps most when talking to a patient with expressive aphasia?
- AAsk questions that can be answered with yes, no or a gesture
- BSpeak louder, because the patient cannot hear well
- CFinish their sentences quickly to save them effort
- DAvoid talking to them until their speech has recovered
12.Choroby wewnętrzne i chirurgiczne: neurologia, endokrynologia i nerkiTrudny
An 89-year-old with stage 5 CKD and severe heart failure, who has capacity, decides not to start dialysis. What is the nurse's best response?
- AStop all care, because nothing more can be done
- BTell the patient they must start dialysis by law
- CAsk the family to change the patient's mind
- DRespect the decision and support symptom-focused care
13.Choroby wewnętrzne i chirurgiczne: przewód pokarmowy, okres okołooperacyjny i onkologiaŚredni
Why are accurate fluid balance charts kept after major surgery?
- ATo decide which meal the patient will have next
- BTo record when visitors come and go
- CTo check how far the patient has walked and how often they get out of bed
- DTo detect dehydration, fluid overload or kidney problems early
14.Choroby wewnętrzne i chirurgiczne: przewód pokarmowy, okres okołooperacyjny i onkologiaTrudny
An 80-year-old has a fluid balance 3 L positive two days after surgery. They are now breathless, with crackles at both lung bases and swollen ankles. What should the nurse do?
- ALie the patient flat with the legs raised
- BEncourage the patient to drink more fluids
- CStop the IV fluids, sit the patient up and escalate
- DIncrease the IV fluid rate to improve kidney flow