Priorytetyzacja i delegowanie w stylu NCLEX: zestaw na powtórkę

A patient has a serum potassium of 2,9 mEq/L. Which finding should the nurse expect?

1. AA rise in urine output and thirst only
2. BFlushed, warm skin and a slow heart rate
3. CTall, peaked T waves and muscle twitching
4. DMuscle weakness and U waves on the ECG

Pielęgniarka nadzoruje nowego asystenta pielęgniarskiego. Kiedy powinna najuważniej sprawdzać jego pracę?

1. ANigdy, ponieważ asystent ma certyfikat do tej roli
2. BGdy asystent jest nowy w danym zadaniu lub pacjent jest mniej stabilny
3. CTylko wtedy, gdy asystent prosi o pomoc w zadaniu, które uważa za trudne
4. DTylko na koniec dyżuru, gdy sprawdza się dokumentację

Which practice makes shift handoff safer?

1. AGiving handoff from memory without any structure
2. BUsing a standard format such as SBAR or I-PASS, with time for questions
3. CLeaving written notes only, without a chance for questions
4. DGiving handoff in a busy corridor so that the outgoing nurse can leave on time

A nurse asks a colleague to “just glance” at an insulin infusion before starting it. What makes a check truly independent?

1. AThe second nurse checks the order, drug, dose and pump settings separately without being told the answer
2. BThe second nurse signs the record after the infusion has already been started by the first
3. CThe first nurse reads the details aloud and the second agrees
4. DThe second nurse looks at the bag label from the doorway

A patient with hepatic encephalopathy is receiving lactulose. Which finding best shows that the treatment is effective?

1. ASix to eight watery stools a day with dizziness
2. BTwo to three soft stools a day and clearer thinking
3. CNo bowel movement for 2 days and calm sleep
4. DA rising serum ammonia with a slower flapping tremor

A patient has macrocytic anemia with low vitamin B₁₂ and antibodies to intrinsic factor. What does this suggest, and how is it usually treated?

1. AIron deficiency, treated with oral iron tablets
2. BFolate deficiency, treated with folic acid only
3. CHemolytic anemia, treated with blood transfusion
4. DPernicious anemia, treated with B₁₂ injections

Under the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (England and Wales), which principle applies?

1. AEveryone over 75 is assumed to lack capacity
2. BA diagnosis of dementia means the person lacks capacity for all decisions
3. CCapacity is decided by the next of kin, who must sign a form for every decision
4. DA person must be assumed to have capacity unless it is shown that they lack it

Pacjent z marskością wątroby i dużym, napiętym brzuchem przechodzi paracentezę. Dlaczego można podać albuminę?

1. AAby zwiększyć wydalanie potasu z moczem
2. BAby wątroba przestała wytwarzać żółć
3. CAby leczyć zakażenie płynu
4. DAby zmniejszyć ryzyko zaburzeń krążenia po usunięciu dużej objętości płynu

Why are IV fluids given cautiously to a patient with heart failure?

1. AIV fluids lower the blood pressure dangerously
2. BExtra volume can quickly cause pulmonary oedema
3. CIV fluids directly damage the heart valves
4. DIV fluids stop diuretics from being absorbed

During a cardiac arrest, the monitor shows an organised rhythm, but there is no pulse. What should the team do?

1. AGive adenosine to slow the rhythm down
2. BStop CPR, because an organised rhythm on the monitor means recovery
3. CDeliver an unsynchronised shock at once and then check the pulse
4. DContinue CPR and give adrenaline (epinephrine), as the rhythm is non-shockable

Który wynik badania moczu najlepiej odróżnia moczówkę prostą od SIADH?

1. AMoczówka prosta daje mocz rozcieńczony; SIADH daje mocz stężony
2. BMoczówka prosta daje glukozę w moczu; SIADH daje białko
3. COba schorzenia dają bardzo stężony mocz
4. DMoczówka prosta daje mocz stężony; SIADH daje mocz rozcieńczony

A man with chronic urinary retention is catheterised. Over the next hours he passes very large volumes of urine. What is the main nursing concern?

1. AA urinary infection caused by the high flow of urine
2. BRupture of the bladder from the catheter
3. CA rise in blood glucose from the urine
4. DFluid and electrolyte loss from post-obstructive diuresis

Why do patients usually have a dental review before radiotherapy to the head and neck?

1. AThe dentist gives the radiotherapy
2. BRadiotherapy can only be given once all the teeth have been removed
3. CIt causes dry mouth and raises the risk of decay and jaw damage
4. DTeeth block the radiation beam completely

Pacjent ma okrężne oparzenie pełnej grubości skóry ramienia. Która ocena jest najważniejsza w ciągu najbliższych godzin?

1. AKrążenie i czucie dłoni
2. BOstrość wzroku w obu oczach codziennie
3. CWielkość źrenic i reakcja na światło
4. DSzmery jelitowe i obwód brzucha