Choroby wewnętrzne i chirurgiczne: neurologia, endokrynologia i nerki: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

What is acromegaly?

1. AToo little thyroid hormone in an adult
2. BToo much cortisol from the adrenal glands
3. CToo much growth hormone in an adult
4. DToo little growth hormone in a child

How is chronic kidney disease defined?

1. AA sudden rise in creatinine over 48 hours after surgery
2. BAny single raised creatinine result
3. CKidney pain lasting more than a week
4. DAbnormal kidney function or structure for over 3 months

Which finding is a common reason for urgent dialysis?

1. AHyperkalaemia that does not respond to treatment
2. BA single episode of itching
3. CA haemoglobin of 105 g/L (10,5 g/dL) with mild tiredness
4. DA mildly raised creatinine with no symptoms

The day after a thyroidectomy, a patient reports tingling around the mouth and in the fingers. Why might this happen?

1. AThe thyroid hormone level has risen too high after surgery
2. BThe anaesthetic has caused an allergic reaction
3. CThe patient is breathing too slowly after the operation
4. DThe parathyroid glands may have been damaged, lowering calcium

Why should antiepileptic drugs not be stopped suddenly?

1. AThe drugs build up in the body and become toxic after stopping
2. BStopping them suddenly causes a dangerous rise in blood pressure
3. CStopping them suddenly causes permanent damage to the liver and kidneys
4. DSudden withdrawal can trigger seizures, including status epilepticus

A stroke patient with dysphagia has been started on a modified diet. Which action best reduces the risk of aspiration?

1. AGive fluids through a straw so they flow more slowly
2. BFeed quickly so the patient does not tire during the meal
3. CSit the patient fully upright for meals and for a while afterwards
4. DLay the patient flat straight after meals so they can rest and digest

A patient with diabetes insipidus after head trauma needs hourly urine output measurement. Which task can be delegated to a trained healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. ADeciding whether to give the next desmopressin dose
2. BAssessing the patient's level of consciousness
3. CInterpreting the serum sodium results
4. DMeasuring hourly urine and reporting results above a set amount

An older man was found on the floor after lying there for many hours. His urine is dark brown, and his creatine kinase is very high. What is the main kidney risk and the key treatment?

1. AAKI from rhabdomyolysis, treated with generous IV fluids
2. BA urinary infection, treated with oral antibiotics only
3. CHypothermia, treated with a fluid restriction
4. DA kidney stone, treated with strong pain relief