Choroby wewnętrzne i chirurgiczne: neurologia, endokrynologia i nerki: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

Co oznacza ostre uszkodzenie nerek (AKI)?

1. ABakteryjne zakażenie tkanki nerki
2. BSzybki spadek czynności nerek w ciągu godzin lub dni
3. CKamienie nerkowe bez zmiany czynności
4. DPowolna, trwała utrata czynności nerek w ciągu lat

What is the lowest possible score on the Glasgow Coma Scale?

1. A0
2. B5
3. C1
4. D3

What does the HbA1c test show?

1. AThe amount of insulin the pancreas is making
2. BThe glucose level over the last 24 hours only
3. CThe average blood glucose over about two to three months
4. DThe blood glucose at the exact moment that the sample is taken

After a kidney biopsy, which observation is most important?

1. AThe temperature every four hours only
2. BThe colour of the patient's skin on the face
3. CThe patient's appetite at the next meal
4. DSigns of bleeding, such as haematuria and a rising pulse

Why might a patient taking a beta-blocker not notice a hypoglycaemic episode?

1. ABeta-blockers make the patient sleep through every hypo
2. BBeta-blockers block the effect of all diabetes medicines
3. CBeta-blockers raise blood glucose, so hypos cannot happen
4. DBeta-blockers can mask the tremor and racing heart of a hypo

Pacjent z SIADH ma stężenie sodu 126 mmol/L i łagodne objawy. Jakie leczenie jest zwykle pierwszego rzutu?

1. ADesmopresyna
2. BOgraniczenie płynów
3. CDożylny wlew 5% glukozy
4. DDodatkowa woda doustnie

An older man was found on the floor after lying there for many hours. His urine is dark brown, and his creatine kinase is very high. What is the main kidney risk and the key treatment?

1. AA urinary infection, treated with oral antibiotics only
2. BA kidney stone, treated with strong pain relief
3. CAKI from rhabdomyolysis, treated with generous IV fluids
4. DHypothermia, treated with a fluid restriction

The nurse has four patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with Parkinson's disease whose next dose is due in two hours
2. BA patient with hypothyroidism asking when to take levothyroxine
3. CA patient with stable CKD waiting for a renal diet review
4. DA patient on insulin for DKA whose potassium is now 2,9 mmol/L