Choroby wewnętrzne i chirurgiczne: neurologia, endokrynologia i nerki: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

Which nerve cells are damaged in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (motor neurone disease)?

1. AThe nerves of the autonomic system only
2. BSensory nerves in the skin only
3. CUpper and lower motor neurons
4. DThe optic nerves and retina

Which symptoms are typical early warning signs of hypoglycaemia?

1. AShaking, sweating, hunger and a fast heartbeat
2. BThirst, dry skin and passing a lot of urine
3. CSlow pulse, constipation and feeling cold
4. DDeep, rapid breathing with a fruity breath smell

A febrile patient has a rash that does not fade when a glass is pressed against it. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AHeat rash from a high temperature
2. BA simple viral skin rash
3. CAn allergic reaction to soap
4. DMeningococcal septicaemia

Which group of drugs is a well-known cause of SIADH and hyponatraemia, especially in older people?

1. ASSRI antidepressants
2. BBulk-forming laxatives
3. CPenicillin antibiotics
4. DProton pump inhibitors

A patient uses a continuous glucose monitor. Which statement is correct?

1. AIt makes finger-prick checks unnecessary in every situation
2. BIt measures glucose directly in the blood every second of the day
3. CIt works by giving small doses of insulin automatically
4. DIt reads glucose in fluid under the skin, a little behind blood glucose

Which measure best detects a decline in breathing in a patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome?

1. AOxygen saturation alone
2. BRegular forced vital capacity measurements
3. CPeak flow before and after a bronchodilator
4. DDaily chest X-rays

Three days after a stroke, a patient with dysphagia on a modified diet has a temperature of 38,2 °C (100,8 °F), a respiratory rate of 24/min and crackles at the right lung base. What should the nurse do?

1. ASuspect aspiration pneumonia, stop oral intake and escalate for review
2. BRecord the findings and recheck them at the next routine observation
3. CGive paracetamol (acetaminophen) and continue the modified diet as before
4. DEncourage more fluids by mouth to treat the fever

Pacjent na ciągłym nocnym żywieniu dojelitowym otrzymuje insulinę dostosowaną do żywienia. O 2:00 sonda się zatyka i żywienie ustaje. Jakie jest główne ryzyko i co powinna zrobić pielęgniarka?

1. AHiperglikemia; od razu podać dodatkową dawkę insuliny
2. BBrak ryzyka; insulina po prostu zostanie zmagazynowana do wznowienia żywienia
3. CKwasica ketonowa; odstawić całą insulinę do rana
4. DHipoglikemia; często kontrolować glikemię i postępować zgodnie z planem zabezpieczenia glukozą