Pre-nursing math (entrance exam): practice problems with step-by-step solutions

Also called: TEAS-style math · HESI A2-style math · nursing entrance exam math · pre-nursing math

Free Pre-nursing math (entrance exam) practice problems with diagrams, hints and full worked solutions. New values every time, at three levels: numbers, fractions and percents, ratios, equations and data, word problems and multi-step.

Free practice problemEasy

Write 0.1% as a decimal x.

0.1%
Next problem →

What you practise

  1. Easynumbers, fractions and percents
  2. Mediumratios, equations and data
  3. Hardword problems and multi-step

How to solve Pre-nursing math (entrance exam) problems

  1. Read the last sentence first: what exactly is asked, and in which unit or form (lowest terms, nearest cent, one decimal place)?
  2. Write the numbers in one form: turn mixed numbers into improper fractions, percents into decimals, and hours and minutes into one unit.
  3. Pick the method: PEMDAS for expressions, a common denominator for adding fractions, part ÷ whole × 100 for percents, cross-multiplying for proportions, inverse operations for equations.
  4. Work one step at a time and write each line down; round only at the very end.
  5. Check the size of the answer with an estimate, and put an equation’s answer back in.

Common mistakes

  • Adding before multiplying, or doing multiplication before a division that comes first.
  • Adding the denominators of two fractions.
  • Dividing a percent change by the new value instead of the original.
  • Adding the discount percent back on to a sale price to find the original price.
  • Reading 2 h 15 min as 2.15 h.
  • Taking the middle of an unordered list as the median.
  • Using the diameter in π·r².

Key formulas

Order of operations
parentheses → exponents → × ÷ (left to right) → + − (left to right)
Fractions
a/b + c/d = (ad + bc)/bd, a/b × c/d = ac/bd, a/b ÷ c/d = a/b × d/c
Percent
p% of N = (p/100)·N; percent = part/whole × 100
Percent change
(new − original)/original × 100
Discount, then tax
price × (1 − d/100) × (1 + t/100)
Proportion
a/b = c/d → ad = bc
Mean, median, mode, range
sum/count; middle of ordered list; most frequent; max − min
Length, capacity, time
1 km = 1000 m, 1 m = 100 cm, 1 ft = 12 in, 1 yd = 3 ft, 1 mi = 5280 ft, 1 gal = 4 qt = 16 cups, 1 h = 60 min
Temperature
°F = °C·9/5 + 32, °C = (°F − 32)·5/9; a change of 1 °C = 1.8 °F
Area
rectangle l·w, triangle ½·b·h, circle π·r²
Perimeter and circumference
rectangle 2l + 2w, circle π·d = 2π·r
Volume
box l·w·h, cylinder π·r²·h; 1000 cm³ = 1 L
Speed
distance ÷ time (time in hours for mph or km/h)

Learn Pre-nursing math (entrance exam) from scratch

1What the math section tests

Nursing school entrance exams test the math you learned in middle and high school, not university math. The questions are short, and most can be done without a calculator if you know the methods.

The topics come back again and again:

  • Whole numbers and the order of operations.
  • Fractions, mixed numbers, decimals and percents, and switching between them.
  • Ratios, proportions and simple equations, often hidden in a word problem.
  • Measurement: converting between units of length, capacity, weight, time and temperature.
  • Reading tables and charts, and the mean, median, mode and range of a data set.
  • Perimeter, area and volume of simple shapes.

Speed matters, so learn the methods until they are automatic, and always check whether your answer is a sensible size.

Self-check Which kind of math does a typical nursing entrance exam test?
  1. Arithmetic, fractions, percents, basic algebra, measurement and data
  2. Calculus and differential equations
  3. Only medication dosage calculations
  4. Statistics with hypothesis tests

Answer: Arithmetic, fractions, percents, basic algebra, measurement and data. Entrance exams check the foundations you need to start the programme. Dosage calculations build on them and are taught later; calculus and inference are not part of these exams.

2Order of operations and fractions

Work out an expression in this order, remembered as PEMDAS (or BODMAS): Parentheses, Exponents, then Multiplication and Division from left to right, then Addition and Subtraction from left to right.

20 − 3 × (2 + 4) = 20 − 3 × 6 = 20 − 18 = 2

Watch the minus sign with powers: (−3)² = 9, but −3² = −(3²) = −9.

Fractions. To add or subtract, rewrite them with a common denominator, then add or subtract the numerators only. To multiply, multiply tops and bottoms. To divide, multiply by the reciprocal (flip the second fraction). Turn mixed numbers into improper fractions first, and give the answer in lowest terms.

1/4 + 2/3 = 3/12 + 8/12 = 11/12
2 1/2 ÷ 3/4 = 5/2 × 4/3 = 20/6 = 3 1/3
Self-check What is 3/4 − 1/6?
  1. 1/2
  2. 1/3
  3. 2/10
  4. 7/12

Answer: 7/12. The common denominator is 12: 9/12 − 2/12 = 7/12. Subtracting the tops and adding the bottoms (2/10) is the classic mistake: denominators are never added or subtracted.

3Decimals, percents and conversions

Fractions, decimals and percents are three ways to write the same number: 3/8 = 0.375 = 37.5%.

  • Fraction → decimal: divide the top by the bottom.
  • Decimal → percent: multiply by 100. Percent → decimal: divide by 100.
  • Decimal → fraction: write the digits over 10, 100 or 1000 and simplify: 0.45 = 45/100 = 9/20.

Percent of a number: p% of N = (p/100) × N. Percent change compares the change with the original value:

percent change = (new − original)/original × 100

Discount and tax: 25% off leaves 75% of the price; then a 6% tax multiplies by 1.06. Reverse percent: if a sale price after 20% off is $48, the original is 48 ÷ 0.80 = $60, not 48 × 1.20.

Self-check A price rises from $40 to $50. What is the percent increase?
  1. 10%
  2. 20%
  3. 25%
  4. 50%

Answer: 25%. The change is $10, and you divide by the original $40: 10/40 = 0.25 = 25%. Dividing by the new price gives 20%, the most common wrong answer.

4Ratios, proportions and equations

A proportion says two ratios are equal. Solve it by cross-multiplying:

3/12 = x/20 → 12x = 60 → x = 5

To share an amount in the ratio 2 : 3, split it into 2 + 3 = 5 equal parts first.

Equations: undo what is done to x, in reverse order, doing the same to both sides. In 4x − 7 = 21, add 7 first (4x = 28), then divide by 4 (x = 7). Check by putting the answer back in.

Word problems: name the unknown, write one equation and solve it. A fixed fee plus a rate per unit gives total = fee + rate × units.

Worked example

A phone plan costs $20 a month plus $0.10 per text. One month’s bill is $27.50. How many texts were sent?

1

Name the unknown

Let t be the number of texts.

2

Write the equation

20 + 0.10t = 27.50
3

Solve

Subtract 20: 0.10t = 7.50. Divide by 0.10: t = 75.

4

Check

20 + 0.10 × 75 = 20 + 7.50 = 27.50. It works.

Answer

75 texts.

5Measurement and data

To convert units, multiply by a factor that equals 1, written so that the old unit cancels. A smaller unit gives a bigger number.

  • Metric length: 1 km = 1000 m, 1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm.
  • US customary: 1 ft = 12 in, 1 yd = 3 ft, 1 mi = 5280 ft; 1 gal = 4 qt, 1 qt = 2 pt, 1 pt = 2 cups; 1 ton = 2000 lb.
  • Time: 1 h = 60 min, so 2 h 15 min = 2.25 h, not 2.15 h.
  • Temperature: °F = °C × 9/5 + 32 and °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. A temperature change converts without the 32.

Data: the mean is the sum divided by the count; the median is the middle value of the ordered list; the mode is the most frequent value; the range is largest minus smallest.

On a chart, read the scale first: how much is one gridline worth? A pie-chart sector of p% stands for p% of the total and an angle of p% of 360°.

Self-check What is the median of 7, 2, 9, 4, 12?
  1. 10
  2. 6.8
  3. 7
  4. 9

Answer: 7. In order the values are 2, 4, 7, 9, 12, and the middle one is 7. Taking the middle of the unordered list gives 9; 6.8 is the mean and 10 the range.

6Geometry and exam strategy

  • Rectangle: perimeter 2l + 2w, area l × w.
  • Triangle: area ½ × base × height.
  • Circle: circumference π·d = 2π·r, area π·r². Use the π the question gives, often 3.14.
  • Box: volume l × w × h. Cylinder: volume π·r²·h. 1000 cm³ = 1 L.

Area is in square units and volume in cubic units: write the unit with every answer.

Strategy: estimate before you calculate, so you can spot an answer that is ten times too big. Read what is asked: “how many more” means subtract, “in all” means add, and a question about the son’s age is not answered by the mother’s.

Self-check A circle has a diameter of 10 cm. Using π ≈ 3.14, what is its area?
  1. 15.7 cm²
  2. 31.4 cm²
  3. 314 cm²
  4. 78.5 cm²

Answer: 78.5 cm². The radius is 5 cm, so the area is 3.14 × 5² = 78.5 cm². Using the diameter in π·r² gives 314 cm², and 31.4 cm is the circumference, a length.

7How exam questions look

  • Easy (numbers, fractions and percents): one operation or one conversion: the order of operations, adding fractions, a percent of a number, a one-step equation, reading a bar chart, the area of a rectangle.
  • Medium (ratios, equations and data): two steps: multiplying mixed numbers, percent change, discount plus tax, proportions, two-step equations, median and mode, line graphs, circles and triangles.
  • Hard (word problems and multi-step): reverse percents, equations with x on both sides, fraction word problems, pie charts and tables, weighted averages, the score you still need, speed with hours and minutes, and volumes.

Fraction answers are chosen from four options in lowest terms, as on the real exams; all other answers are typed as numbers.

Learn it step by step in the appLearn it step by step in the app

Worked examples

Example 1Easy

What is 90% of 30? Find x.

90%30

Find x

Show hints
  1. p% of a number is (p/100) × the number.
  2. 90% = 0.9.
  3. 0.9 × 30.
Show the answer and the step-by-step solution

Percent means per hundred: p% of a number is (p/100) × the number. To find what percent A is of B, divide A by B and multiply by 100. A percent change compares the change with the original value: percent change = (new − original)/original × 100.

Percent as a decimal

90% = 0.9

Multiply

x = 0.9 × 30 = 27

Answer

x = 27
Example 2Medium
1 37/508 2/51 13/371 37/500

Which fraction or mixed number in lowest terms equals the decimal 1.74? Click it.

1.74
  1. 11 37/50
  2. 28 2/5
  3. 31 13/37
  4. 41 37/500
Show hints
  1. Read the decimal places aloud: the last digit tells you tenths, hundredths or thousandths.
  2. 0.74 = 74/100.
  3. Divide the top and bottom of 74/100 by 2.
Show the answer and explanation

Fractions, decimals and percents are three ways to write the same number. Fraction → decimal: divide the numerator by the denominator. Decimal → percent: multiply by 100 (move the point two places right). Percent → decimal: divide by 100. Decimal → fraction: write the digits over 10, 100 or 1000 (one zero per decimal place) and simplify.

Over a power of ten

0.74 = 74/100

Simplify

74/100 = 37/50
1.74 = 1 37/50

Answer

1 37/50
Example 3Hard

A recipe uses 1.25 cups of flour for 5 batches of muffins. At the same rate, how many cups of flour x are needed for 20 batches?

1.25 : 5x : 20

Find x (cups)

Show hints
  1. Write the proportion: 1.25/5 = x/20.
  2. Cross-multiply: 5·x = 1.25 × 20.
  3. Or find the flour for one batch first: 1.25 ÷ 5 = 0.25 cups.
Show the answer and the step-by-step solution

Ratios and proportions: a ratio a : b compares two amounts. In a proportion two ratios are equal, a/b = c/d, and you solve it by cross-multiplying: a·d = b·c. To share an amount in the ratio m : n, divide it into m + n equal parts; one share is m parts, the other n parts.

Proportion

1.25/5 = x/20

Cross-multiply and solve

5·x = 25
x = 25/5 = 5 cups

Answer

x = 5 cups

Questions and answers

What is Pre-nursing math (entrance exam)?

Nursing school entrance exams test the math you learned in middle and high school, not university math. The questions are short, and most can be done without a calculator if you know the methods.

The topics come back again and again:

How do I solve Pre-nursing math (entrance exam) problems step by step?
  1. Read the last sentence first: what exactly is asked, and in which unit or form (lowest terms, nearest cent, one decimal place)?
  2. Write the numbers in one form: turn mixed numbers into improper fractions, percents into decimals, and hours and minutes into one unit.
  3. Pick the method: PEMDAS for expressions, a common denominator for adding fractions, part ÷ whole × 100 for percents, cross-multiplying for proportions, inverse operations for equations.
  4. Work one step at a time and write each line down; round only at the very end.
  5. Check the size of the answer with an estimate, and put an equation’s answer back in.
What are common mistakes in Pre-nursing math (entrance exam)?
  • Adding before multiplying, or doing multiplication before a division that comes first.
  • Adding the denominators of two fractions.
  • Dividing a percent change by the new value instead of the original.
  • Adding the discount percent back on to a sale price to find the original price.
  • Reading 2 h 15 min as 2.15 h.
  • Taking the middle of an unordered list as the median.
  • Using the diameter in π·r².
What do the Pre-nursing math (entrance exam) exercises cover?
  • Easy: numbers, fractions and percents
  • Medium: ratios, equations and data
  • Hard: word problems and multi-step

Every problem has new values, so you learn the method instead of an answer. Stuck? Open a small hint first, and the full explanation only when you need it.

How practising works

  • Every problem has new values, so you learn the method instead of an answer.
  • Stuck? Open a small hint first, and the full explanation only when you need it.
  • Your progress, mistakes and saved problems are kept, so you can review before the exam.

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