Pre-nursing math (entrance exam): practice problems with step-by-step solutions
Also called: TEAS-style math · HESI A2-style math · nursing entrance exam math · pre-nursing math
Free Pre-nursing math (entrance exam) practice problems with diagrams, hints and full worked solutions. New values every time, at three levels: numbers, fractions and percents, ratios, equations and data, word problems and multi-step.
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1What the math section tests
Nursing school entrance exams test the math you learned in middle and high school, not university math. The questions are short, and most can be done without a calculator if you know the methods.
The topics come back again and again:
- Whole numbers and the order of operations.
- Fractions, mixed numbers, decimals and percents, and switching between them.
- Ratios, proportions and simple equations, often hidden in a word problem.
- Measurement: converting between units of length, capacity, weight, time and temperature.
- Reading tables and charts, and the mean, median, mode and range of a data set.
- Perimeter, area and volume of simple shapes.
Speed matters, so learn the methods until they are automatic, and always check whether your answer is a sensible size.
Self-check Which kind of math does a typical nursing entrance exam test?
- Arithmetic, fractions, percents, basic algebra, measurement and data
- Calculus and differential equations
- Only medication dosage calculations
- Statistics with hypothesis tests
Answer: Arithmetic, fractions, percents, basic algebra, measurement and data. Entrance exams check the foundations you need to start the programme. Dosage calculations build on them and are taught later; calculus and inference are not part of these exams.
2Order of operations and fractions
Work out an expression in this order, remembered as PEMDAS (or BODMAS): Parentheses, Exponents, then Multiplication and Division from left to right, then Addition and Subtraction from left to right.
20 − 3 × (2 + 4) = 20 − 3 × 6 = 20 − 18 = 2
Watch the minus sign with powers: (−3)² = 9, but −3² = −(3²) = −9.
Fractions. To add or subtract, rewrite them with a common denominator, then add or subtract the numerators only. To multiply, multiply tops and bottoms. To divide, multiply by the reciprocal (flip the second fraction). Turn mixed numbers into improper fractions first, and give the answer in lowest terms.
1/4 + 2/3 = 3/12 + 8/12 = 11/12
2 1/2 ÷ 3/4 = 5/2 × 4/3 = 20/6 = 3 1/3
Self-check What is 3/4 − 1/6?
- 1/2
- 1/3
- 2/10
- 7/12
Answer: 7/12. The common denominator is 12: 9/12 − 2/12 = 7/12. Subtracting the tops and adding the bottoms (2/10) is the classic mistake: denominators are never added or subtracted.
3Decimals, percents and conversions
Fractions, decimals and percents are three ways to write the same number: 3/8 = 0.375 = 37.5%.
- Fraction → decimal: divide the top by the bottom.
- Decimal → percent: multiply by 100. Percent → decimal: divide by 100.
- Decimal → fraction: write the digits over 10, 100 or 1000 and simplify: 0.45 = 45/100 = 9/20.
Percent of a number: p% of N = (p/100) × N. Percent change compares the change with the original value:
percent change = (new − original)/original × 100
Discount and tax: 25% off leaves 75% of the price; then a 6% tax multiplies by 1.06. Reverse percent: if a sale price after 20% off is $48, the original is 48 ÷ 0.80 = $60, not 48 × 1.20.
Self-check A price rises from $40 to $50. What is the percent increase?
- 10%
- 20%
- 25%
- 50%
Answer: 25%. The change is $10, and you divide by the original $40: 10/40 = 0.25 = 25%. Dividing by the new price gives 20%, the most common wrong answer.
4Ratios, proportions and equations
A proportion says two ratios are equal. Solve it by cross-multiplying:
3/12 = x/20 → 12x = 60 → x = 5
To share an amount in the ratio 2 : 3, split it into 2 + 3 = 5 equal parts first.
Equations: undo what is done to x, in reverse order, doing the same to both sides. In 4x − 7 = 21, add 7 first (4x = 28), then divide by 4 (x = 7). Check by putting the answer back in.
Word problems: name the unknown, write one equation and solve it. A fixed fee plus a rate per unit gives total = fee + rate × units.
Worked exampleA phone plan costs $20 a month plus $0.10 per text. One month’s bill is $27.50. How many texts were sent?
1Let t be the number of texts.
3Subtract 20: 0.10t = 7.50. Divide by 0.10: t = 75.
420 + 0.10 × 75 = 20 + 7.50 = 27.50. It works.
5Measurement and data
To convert units, multiply by a factor that equals 1, written so that the old unit cancels. A smaller unit gives a bigger number.
- Metric length: 1 km = 1000 m, 1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm.
- US customary: 1 ft = 12 in, 1 yd = 3 ft, 1 mi = 5280 ft; 1 gal = 4 qt, 1 qt = 2 pt, 1 pt = 2 cups; 1 ton = 2000 lb.
- Time: 1 h = 60 min, so 2 h 15 min = 2.25 h, not 2.15 h.
- Temperature: °F = °C × 9/5 + 32 and °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. A temperature change converts without the 32.
Data: the mean is the sum divided by the count; the median is the middle value of the ordered list; the mode is the most frequent value; the range is largest minus smallest.
On a chart, read the scale first: how much is one gridline worth? A pie-chart sector of p% stands for p% of the total and an angle of p% of 360°.
Self-check What is the median of 7, 2, 9, 4, 12?
- 10
- 6.8
- 7
- 9
Answer: 7. In order the values are 2, 4, 7, 9, 12, and the middle one is 7. Taking the middle of the unordered list gives 9; 6.8 is the mean and 10 the range.
6Geometry and exam strategy
- Rectangle: perimeter 2l + 2w, area l × w.
- Triangle: area ½ × base × height.
- Circle: circumference π·d = 2π·r, area π·r². Use the π the question gives, often 3.14.
- Box: volume l × w × h. Cylinder: volume π·r²·h. 1000 cm³ = 1 L.
Area is in square units and volume in cubic units: write the unit with every answer.
Strategy: estimate before you calculate, so you can spot an answer that is ten times too big. Read what is asked: “how many more” means subtract, “in all” means add, and a question about the son’s age is not answered by the mother’s.
Self-check A circle has a diameter of 10 cm. Using π ≈ 3.14, what is its area?
- 15.7 cm²
- 31.4 cm²
- 314 cm²
- 78.5 cm²
Answer: 78.5 cm². The radius is 5 cm, so the area is 3.14 × 5² = 78.5 cm². Using the diameter in π·r² gives 314 cm², and 31.4 cm is the circumference, a length.
7How exam questions look
- Easy (numbers, fractions and percents): one operation or one conversion: the order of operations, adding fractions, a percent of a number, a one-step equation, reading a bar chart, the area of a rectangle.
- Medium (ratios, equations and data): two steps: multiplying mixed numbers, percent change, discount plus tax, proportions, two-step equations, median and mode, line graphs, circles and triangles.
- Hard (word problems and multi-step): reverse percents, equations with x on both sides, fraction word problems, pie charts and tables, weighted averages, the score you still need, speed with hours and minutes, and volumes.
Fraction answers are chosen from four options in lowest terms, as on the real exams; all other answers are typed as numbers.
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