Биология для вступительных экзаменов на сестринские программы: лист заданий с ответами

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1.Лёгкая

Which list gives the main taxonomic ranks from broadest to most specific?

  1. ADomain, phylum, kingdom, order, class, genus, family, species
  2. BSpecies, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain
  3. CKingdom, domain, class, phylum, family, order, species, genus
  4. DDomain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
2.Лёгкая

What is the main job of the cell wall in a plant cell?

  1. ATo release energy from glucose
  2. BTo make proteins for the cell
  3. CTo support the cell and stop it from bursting
  4. DTo control which genes are switched on in the nucleus
3.Лёгкая

What is cell differentiation?

  1. AThe process by which a cell divides into two
  2. BThe process by which DNA is copied
  3. CThe process by which cells become specialised
  4. DThe process by which cells die on purpose
4.Средняя

What is meant by independent assortment in meiosis?

  1. ASister chromatids stay joined until the end of meiosis, so all gametes are identical
  2. BDNA is copied separately in each chromosome
  3. CHomologous pairs line up randomly, so gametes get different mixes of chromosomes
  4. DAll chromosomes from the mother go into the same gamete
5.Средняя

In disease spread, what is a vector?

  1. AThe first person to catch a disease
  2. BA medicine that destroys a pathogen in the body
  3. CA blood test used to detect antibodies
  4. DAn organism that carries a pathogen between hosts
6.Средняя

Что такое мутация?

  1. AИзменение числа клеток в ткани
  2. BИзменение последовательности оснований в ДНК
  3. CСпаривание гомологичных хромосом
  4. DНормальное копирование ДНК перед делением
7.Сложная

In Tay-Sachs disease, a lysosomal enzyme does not work. What happens inside the affected nerve cells?

  1. AThe cells can no longer make ATP in their mitochondria
  2. BThe ribosomes stop making proteins
  3. CThe undigested substance builds up inside lysosomes
  4. DThe DNA cannot be copied before division
8.Сложная

Plants in waterlogged soil take up fewer mineral ions, even when the ions are plentiful. What is the best explanation?

  1. AWater dilutes the ions so much that roots cannot detect them
  2. BWaterlogged roots carry out more photosynthesis
  3. CMineral ions only enter by osmosis, and osmosis stops in wet soil
  4. DRoot cells lack oxygen, so less ATP is made for active transport

Ответы

  1. 1. D · Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
  2. 2. C · To support the cell and stop it from bursting
  3. 3. C · The process by which cells become specialised
  4. 4. C · Homologous pairs line up randomly, so gametes get different mixes of chromosomes
  5. 5. D · An organism that carries a pathogen between hosts
  6. 6. B · Изменение последовательности оснований в ДНК
  7. 7. C · The undigested substance builds up inside lysosomes
  8. 8. D · Root cells lack oxygen, so less ATP is made for active transport

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