Биология для вступительных экзаменов на сестринские программы: лист заданий с ответами

Для чего нужна контрольная группа?

1. AЧтобы получить максимально возможную дозу проверяемого воздействия
2. BЧтобы эксперимент закончился быстрее
3. CЧтобы заменить необходимость в гипотезе
4. DЧтобы дать базу для сравнения с опытной группой

Какие клетки образуются путём мейоза у человека?

1. AЯйцеклетки и сперматозоиды
2. BЭритроциты в костном мозге
3. CКлетки кожи
4. DКлетки печени

In biology, what is a clone?

1. AA genetically identical copy of an organism, cell or gene
2. BA cell with an extra chromosome
3. CAn offspring of two different parents
4. DAn organism that carries genes from two different species

During childbirth, pressure on the cervix causes oxytocin release, which causes stronger contractions and more pressure. What kind of control is this?

1. AHomeostatic balance
2. BNatural selection
3. CNegative feedback
4. DPositive feedback

To insert a human gene into a bacterial plasmid, scientists cut both the gene and the plasmid with the same restriction enzyme. Why?

1. ASo both pieces become exactly the same length
2. BSo the plasmid loses all its genes
3. CSo the gene is turned into RNA
4. DSo the cut ends match and can join together

A thermometer gives readings of 36,1, 36,1 and 36,2 °C for a water bath that is really at 37,0 °C. How are these readings best described?

1. APrecise but not accurate
2. BAccurate but not precise
3. CBoth accurate and precise
4. DNeither accurate nor precise

Which parent's gamete decides the biological sex of a human baby, and why?

1. ABoth equally, because each gives one Y chromosome
2. BThe mother's, because an egg carries either an X or a Y
3. CThe father's, because a sperm carries either an X or a Y
4. DThe mother's, because she gives two X chromosomes

The antibiotic tetracycline binds to bacterial ribosomes. Which process does it block, and why are human cells much less affected?

1. ADNA replication, because bacteria have no DNA polymerase
2. BTranslation, because bacterial ribosomes differ from human ribosomes
3. CTranslation, because human cells have no ribosomes
4. DTranscription, because human cells have no RNA polymerase of their own