Терапия и хирургия: сердечно-сосудистая и дыхательная системы: лист заданий с ответами

What does the term "preload" describe?

1. AThe amount of blood left in the atria after systole
2. BThe force of contraction regardless of filling
3. CThe resistance the ventricle pumps against
4. DThe stretch of the ventricle at the end of filling

What is the pleura?

1. AThe cartilage rings of the trachea
2. BA double membrane lining the lungs and the inner chest wall
3. CThe tiny air sacs at the ends of the airways where gas exchange happens
4. DThe dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen

Drug names ending in "-olol", such as bisoprolol and atenolol, belong to which class?

1. ABeta-blockers
2. BACE inhibitors
3. CCalcium channel blockers
4. DLoop diuretics

How does varenicline help people stop smoking?

1. AIt replaces nicotine through the skin, like a nicotine patch
2. BIt speeds the clearance of nicotine by the liver
3. CIt partly stimulates and partly blocks nicotine receptors
4. DIt makes cigarettes taste of metal so smoking feels unpleasant

A patient takes both digoxin and furosemide. Why does the nurse watch the potassium level closely?

1. AHigh potassium is the main effect of furosemide
2. BPotassium has no link with either medicine
3. CLow potassium makes digoxin stop working completely
4. DLow potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity

A patient has chest pain at rest in the early morning with brief ST elevation that resolves. Coronary arteries are later found to be clear. Which condition is most likely?

1. AStable exertional angina from a fixed plaque
2. BAortic stenosis
3. CAcute pericarditis
4. DVasospastic (Prinzmetal) angina

A patient with heart failure wakes extremely breathless, coughing pink frothy sputum. BP is 168/96 mmHg and SpO₂ 86%. Help has been called. What is the best initial nursing action?

1. AEncourage the patient to walk to ease the breathing
2. BSit the patient upright with the legs down and give oxygen
3. CGive a large IV fluid bolus to support the circulation
4. DLie the patient flat with the legs raised on pillows

A 74-year-old man with a known abdominal aortic aneurysm suddenly has severe back and abdominal pain. His heart rate is 128/min and BP 82/50 mmHg. What is the priority?

1. AGive oral analgesia and reassess the pain in an hour
2. BArrange a routine outpatient ultrasound scan of the aneurysm
3. CCall for emergency help and prepare for urgent vascular surgery
4. DEncourage him to walk to ease the back pain