Терапия и хирургия: сердечно-сосудистая и дыхательная системы: лист заданий с ответами

Which serious complication is strongly linked with untreated hypertension?

1. AAsthma
2. BStroke
3. CPneumonia
4. DCataract

Что такое «колебание» (тайдалинг) в камере водяного затвора плеврального дренажа?

1. AНепрерывное бульканье независимо от дыхания пациента
2. BСгустки крови, двигающиеся по дренажной трубке
3. CДвижение уровня жидкости вверх и вниз при дыхании
4. DКачание дренажной системы, когда пациент ходит

Which of these is a common allergic trigger of asthma?

1. AHouse dust mite
2. BWearing cotton clothes
3. CDrinking water
4. DEating rice

A patient has a prosthetic heart valve. Which teaching best reduces the risk of infective endocarditis?

1. ATake a daily antibiotic tablet indefinitely
2. BAvoid all physical exercise for the rest of their life
3. CKeep teeth and gums healthy with regular dental check-ups
4. DAvoid eating dairy products and raw vegetables

Why is a non-selective beta-blocker such as propranolol usually avoided in a patient with asthma?

1. AIt raises the heart rate sharply during an acute asthma attack
2. BIt can cause bronchospasm by blocking beta-2 receptors
3. CIt thickens airway mucus by drying the airways
4. DIt makes inhaled corticosteroids work too strongly

Why must anti-embolism stockings be measured and fitted correctly?

1. APoorly fitting stockings can cause pressure damage
2. BTight stockings work better, so the smallest size is always best
3. CLoose stockings make the patient's legs too warm at night
4. DCorrect fit is needed only to improve the appearance

Three hours after femoral cardiac catheterisation, a patient has new lower back and flank pain, a heart rate of 112/min and BP 92/60 mmHg. The groin looks normal. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ANormal back ache from lying flat
2. BAn allergic reaction to the contrast
3. CRetroperitoneal bleeding
4. DA urinary tract infection

A patient with COPD who is known to retain CO₂ arrives on 15 L/min oxygen. They are now drowsy with SpO₂ 99%. What is the most appropriate action?

1. ARemove the oxygen completely and observe
2. BKeep the oxygen at 15 L/min because the saturation is excellent
3. CGive a sedative to help the patient rest
4. DReduce the oxygen to aim for 88–92% and get a blood gas