Терапия и хирургия: нервная, эндокринная системы и почки: лист заданий с ответами

What is the most common cause of dementia?

1. AParkinson's disease
2. BHuntington's disease
3. CAlzheimer's disease
4. DMultiple sclerosis

What is automated peritoneal dialysis?

1. ADialysis in hospital through an arm fistula
2. BA single exchange done once a week
3. CExchanges done overnight by a machine
4. DDialysis that needs no fluid at all

What is the most common cause of Cushing's syndrome?

1. AA lack of ACTH from the pituitary gland
2. BLong-term use of glucocorticoid medicines
3. CAn autoimmune attack on the adrenal glands
4. DA tumour of the adrenal medulla

A patient has Cushing's syndrome. Which nursing assessment is especially important?

1. AWatching for weight loss
2. BChecking for low blood pressure
3. CMonitoring for a high potassium
4. DRegular blood glucose checks

У пациента с СНАДГ натрий 126 mmol/L и лёгкие симптомы. Какое лечение обычно первой линии?

1. AДополнительная вода внутрь
2. BВнутривенная инфузия 5% глюкозы
3. CОграничение жидкости
4. DДесмопрессин

A patient uses a continuous glucose monitor. Which statement is correct?

1. AIt reads glucose in fluid under the skin, a little behind blood glucose
2. BIt measures glucose directly in the blood every second of the day
3. CIt works by giving small doses of insulin automatically
4. DIt makes finger-prick checks unnecessary in every situation

Припадок длится 12 минут. Введены две дозы бензодиазепина, припадок продолжается. Дыхательные пути и кислород обеспечены. Каков следующий шаг в распространённых протоколах?

1. AПодождать ещё 30 минут, не прекратится ли припадок
2. BДавать противоэпилептические таблетки внутрь, когда пациент сможет глотать
3. CТретья и четвёртая дозы бензодиазепина каждые две минуты
4. DПрепарат второй линии внутривенно, например леветирацетам или фенитоин

A patient with a cervical spinal cord injury is helped to sit up for the first time. They become dizzy and pale, and the BP falls from 110/70 to 78/46 mmHg. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive a large meal and a strong coffee to raise the blood pressure
2. BContinue sitting them upright, because it will pass in an hour
3. CLower the patient back towards lying, then raise them gradually later
4. DStand the patient up to improve the blood flow to the legs