Терапия и хирургия: нервная, эндокринная системы и почки: лист заданий с ответами

What is urge incontinence?

1. AA sudden, strong need to pass urine, followed by leaking
2. BDribbling because the bladder never empties
3. CLeaking because the toilet is too far away
4. DLeaking only when laughing, coughing or lifting heavy objects

How is chronic kidney disease defined?

1. AA sudden rise in creatinine over 48 hours after surgery
2. BAny single raised creatinine result
3. CKidney pain lasting more than a week
4. DAbnormal kidney function or structure for over 3 months

What is acromegaly?

1. AToo much growth hormone in an adult
2. BToo little thyroid hormone in an adult
3. CToo little growth hormone in a child
4. DToo much cortisol from the adrenal glands

Which measure best detects a decline in breathing in a patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome?

1. ARegular forced vital capacity measurements
2. BOxygen saturation alone
3. CPeak flow before and after a bronchodilator
4. DDaily chest X-rays

Why are patients on haemodialysis vaccinated against hepatitis B?

1. AHepatitis B vaccine improves the fistula flow
2. BShared dialysis units carry a higher infection risk
3. CThe vaccine lowers the potassium level
4. DThe vaccine is needed to make the dialyser work

A patient has just started haemodialysis. What usually happens to their protein needs?

1. AProtein must be replaced only by IV infusion
2. BThey increase, because dialysis removes amino acids
3. CThey stay exactly the same as they were before dialysis
4. DThey fall to almost zero to rest the kidneys

У 22-летнего пациента с диабетом 1 типа глюкоза 28 mmol/L, кетоны 5,2 mmol/L, pH 7,10 и калий 5,9 mmol/L. Какое утверждение о калии верно?

1. AОбщий калий в организме низок, и уровень упадёт при лечении
2. BКалий не нужно повторно проверять после начала инсулина
3. CОбщий калий в организме высок, поэтому сейчас нужен связывающий калий препарат
4. DИнсулин следует отложить, чтобы уровень калия оставался стабильным

A 66-year-old smoker has had two episodes of painless red urine. Urine cultures are negative. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AUrgent referral for cystoscopy and imaging
2. BReassure him, because the blood has stopped
3. CAnother course of antibiotics for a UTI
4. DAdvise more fluids and review in a year