Терапия и хирургия: нервная, эндокринная системы и почки: лист заданий с ответами

Which features suggest pyelonephritis rather than simple cystitis?

1. AMild burning on passing urine only
2. BPassing urine more often at night only
3. CFever, rigors and pain in the loin
4. DUrine that smells slightly stronger

Which group of features is typical of Parkinson's disease?

1. AIntention tremor, muscle wasting and twitching under the skin
2. BDrooping eyelids and double vision that get worse later in the day
3. CResting tremor, rigidity and slow movement
4. DWeakness rising from the feet, with tingling and lost reflexes

Which statement about adult polycystic kidney disease is correct?

1. AIt is inherited, and cysts slowly enlarge both kidneys
2. BIt is caused by drinking too little water
3. CIt only ever affects one of the two kidneys
4. DIt is caused by repeated urinary infections

An 85-year-old care home resident becomes newly confused and is falling more often. A UTI is one possibility. Why?

1. AConfusion is the only symptom of a UTI at any age
2. BOlder adults often show infection as confusion
3. CA UTI cannot occur in people over 80
4. DUrinary infections always cause a high fever in older adults

A patient with type 1 diabetes plans a long cycle ride. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. ASkip breakfast so the exercise burns body fat
2. BTake an extra dose of rapid-acting insulin before setting off
3. CCheck glucose before and after, and carry fast-acting carbohydrate
4. DAvoid checking glucose until the ride is over

A man starts finasteride for an enlarged prostate. Which statement is correct?

1. AIt is used only for a few days at a time
2. BIt lowers the blood pressure, so dizziness is very common
3. CIt works within hours by relaxing the bladder muscle
4. DIt takes months to work; pregnant women must not handle broken tablets

A nurse teaches the family of a patient on insulin how to manage a severe hypo. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will put her on her side and call an ambulance straight away."
2. B"When she can swallow, I will give her a snack."
3. C"If she is unconscious, I will pour juice into her mouth."
4. D"I will give the glucagon as I was shown."

У 22-летнего пациента с диабетом 1 типа глюкоза 28 mmol/L, кетоны 5,2 mmol/L, pH 7,10 и калий 5,9 mmol/L. Какое утверждение о калии верно?

1. AОбщий калий в организме высок, поэтому сейчас нужен связывающий калий препарат
2. BКалий не нужно повторно проверять после начала инсулина
3. CОбщий калий в организме низок, и уровень упадёт при лечении
4. DИнсулин следует отложить, чтобы уровень калия оставался стабильным