Терапия и хирургия: нервная, эндокринная системы и почки: лист заданий с ответами

How should a peritoneal dialysis catheter exit site be cared for?

1. AKept clean and dry and checked daily for redness
2. BCovered with a tight bandage and not looked at for a week
3. CSoaked in a hot bath every day
4. DCleaned with a strong bleach solution

Which symptoms are typical of a prolactinoma in a woman?

1. AVery dark skin creases and a craving for salt
2. BMilky nipple discharge and irregular periods
3. CWeight loss with heat intolerance and a fine tremor
4. DKidney stones, bone pain and constipation

Which fasting plasma glucose level is used to diagnose diabetes?

1. A15,0 mmol/L (270 mg/dL) or higher
2. B4,0 mmol/L (72 mg/dL) or higher
3. C7,0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) or higher
4. D5,5 mmol/L (99 mg/dL) or higher

Which finding most suggests fluid overload in a patient with chronic kidney disease?

1. ADark yellow urine and thirst
2. BA weight loss of 1 kg (2,2 lb) after a hot day
3. CA dry mouth and a low blood pressure when standing
4. DA weight gain of 2 kg (4,4 lb) in two days with ankle swelling

Why should long-term steroid treatment not be stopped suddenly?

1. AThe suppressed adrenal glands cannot make enough cortisol at once
2. BStopping causes the blood glucose to fall sharply
3. CThe steroids build up and become toxic after they are stopped
4. DStopping suddenly makes the bones grow too quickly and then fracture

Какое утверждение о базальном инсулине длительного действия, например гларгине, верно?

1. AПри диабете 1 типа его продолжают, даже когда пациент не ест
2. BУ него резкий пик действия примерно через 30 минут после инъекции
3. CЕго вводят только после обильной еды, чтобы покрыть углеводы
4. DЕго смешивают с инсулином быстрого действия в одном шприце

A patient on carbamazepine is admitted confused, with a sodium of 121 mmol/L. Which explanation is most likely?

1. AThe low sodium proves the patient has stopped taking the drug
2. BCarbamazepine can cause hyponatraemia through an SIADH-like effect
3. CConfusion is a normal, expected effect of carbamazepine and is unrelated to sodium
4. DCarbamazepine causes salt loss through severe diarrhoea

A haemodialysis patient missed their last two sessions. They are breathless, with crackles, and the potassium is 6,9 mmol/L. What is the priority?

1. ALarge IV fluid boluses to improve the circulation
2. BUrgent dialysis, with cardiac monitoring meanwhile
3. COral potassium supplements and rest
4. DA routine dialysis session at the next planned slot