Сестринское дело в психиатрии: лист заданий с ответами

In behaviour therapy, what is positive reinforcement?

1. ARemoving a reward so that a behaviour becomes less likely
2. BIgnoring all of the patient's behaviour so that the patient learns to cope alone without staff
3. CAdding a reward after a behaviour so that the behaviour becomes more likely
4. DAdding an unpleasant consequence so that a behaviour stops

In adults, persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) involves a depressed mood on most days for at least how long?

1. A6 weeks
2. B2 months
3. C2 years
4. D2 weeks

Что из перечисленного является продуктивным (позитивным) симптомом шизофрении?

1. AОтсутствие мотивации (абулия)
2. BУплощённый аффект
3. CСлуховые галлюцинации
4. DБедность речи (алогия)

According to DSM-5, how long must signs of the disturbance last before schizophrenia can be diagnosed?

1. AAt least 2 weeks of continuous symptoms
2. BAt least 1 month, with no further time required
3. CAt least 2 years, including 6 months of active symptoms
4. DAt least 6 months, including at least 1 month of active symptoms

Почему трициклические антидепрессанты особенно опасны при передозировке?

1. AПри передозировке они не оказывают эффектов
2. BОни лишь слегка снижают давление и редко требуют лечения
3. CОни вызывают лишь лёгкую сонливость
4. DОни могут вызвать смертельные аритмии и судороги

An 84-year-old asks for an over-the-counter sleep aid containing diphenhydramine. What is the main concern?

1. AIts anticholinergic effects can cause confusion, urine retention and falls
2. BIt has no effects at all in people over 80, so it will not help her sleep
3. CIt raises blood pressure to dangerous levels in older adults
4. DIt is a strong opioid that causes severe dependence

An 80-year-old patient taking a benzodiazepine for sleep fell at night on the way to the toilet. After checking her for injury, what is the most appropriate next step?

1. AReport the fall, put falls precautions in place and ask for a review of her sleep medicine
2. BUse bed rails and a restraint every night to keep her safely in bed until the morning
3. CGive an extra dose so that she sleeps through the night without getting up
4. DDo nothing more, because falls are normal in older people

A new nurse asks why the therapeutic relationship is different from a social relationship. Which statement is correct?

1. ABoth people share their needs equally, as in any friendship
2. BThe patient is responsible for setting the boundaries of the relationship
3. CIt is goal-directed and focused on the patient's needs, with the nurse responsible for keeping boundaries
4. DIt has no fixed end, and it can continue as a friendship after discharge if both the nurse and the patient want it to