Сестринское дело в педиатрии: лист заданий с ответами

What is the main cause of type 1 diabetes in children?

1. AToo much insulin being produced by an overactive pancreas
2. BA lack of glucagon from the alpha cells of the pancreas
3. CInsulin resistance caused mainly by obesity and inactivity
4. DAutoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells

Which teething remedy is generally recommended for infants?

1. AA gel containing the local anaesthetic benzocaine
2. BRubbing honey on the gums before sleep
3. CAn amber teething necklace worn day and night
4. DA clean, chilled (not frozen) teething ring

Why must a toddler never be left alone in the bath, even for a moment?

1. ASoap left on the skin irritates a toddler's skin
2. BThe bath water cools quickly and causes hypothermia
3. CA young child can drown silently in a few centimetres of water
4. DA toddler left alone gets bored, cries and tries to climb out of the bath

A child has impetigo. Which advice helps to stop it spreading?

1. AUse separate towels, wash hands often and keep nails short
2. BPick the crusts off daily so the skin heals faster
3. CCover the crusts with a thick layer of petroleum jelly and leave them
4. DShare flannels and towels so the whole family is treated

What is "assent" in children's care?

1. AThe child's agreement to care, sought alongside the parents' consent
2. BThe doctor's decision about which treatment is best
3. CThe legal consent signed by the parent for surgery
4. DA form that lets the hospital treat any child without parental consent

Which factor can make a pulse oximeter reading inaccurate in a child?

1. AHaving eaten a meal in the last hour
2. BCold hands, movement or a poorly fitting probe
3. CHolding a parent's hand during the reading
4. DLying on the back instead of sitting up

How is pain best assessed in a 10-year-old with severe cerebral palsy who cannot speak?

1. AOnly by checking whether the heart rate is above normal
2. BPain cannot be assessed, so analgesia is given only on request
3. CWith a behavioural tool such as revised FLACC, using the parents' knowledge of usual cues
4. DWith a 0–10 numerical scale, by asking the child to point to a number on a printed chart

A formula-fed infant is diagnosed with cow's milk protein allergy. Which formula is usually advised?

1. AA rice milk drink fortified with calcium
2. BAn extensively hydrolysed formula
3. CA lactose-free cow's milk formula
4. DA goat's milk formula