Сестринское дело в педиатрии: лист заданий с ответами

Какой диапазон частоты дыхания типичен для здорового ребёнка раннего возраста (примерно от 1 до 3 лет) в покое?

1. AОколо 24–40 вдохов в минуту
2. BОколо 60–80 вдохов в минуту
3. CОколо 6–10 вдохов в минуту
4. DОколо 12–16 вдохов в минуту

What is the cause of Hirschsprung disease?

1. AMissing nerve (ganglion) cells in part of the bowel
2. BOne part of the bowel telescoping into the next part
3. CInflammation of the bowel lining after a viral infection
4. DThickening of the muscle at the outlet of the stomach

What is Gowers' sign?

1. AA sudden startle with the arms flung outwards
2. BUsing the hands to "walk up" the legs to stand up from the floor
3. CFanning of the toes when the sole of the foot is stroked
4. DFlexing the hips and knees when the neck is bent forward by the examiner

Which diet is usually advised for a child with nephrotic syndrome while there is oedema?

1. ANo added salt
2. BA carbohydrate-free diet to reduce fluid retention
3. CA protein-free diet to rest the kidneys completely
4. DA high-salt diet to replace losses in the urine

Which advice is first-line for a school-age child with functional constipation?

1. AAvoiding the toilet at school until the problem has settled
2. BCutting out all fruit and vegetables to soften the stools
3. CDaily enemas given at home by the parents for several months, without other changes
4. DMore fibre and fluids, a regular toilet time after meals and laxatives if prescribed

A newborn is still wet a few minutes after birth. Which heat-loss mechanism is the main concern, and how is it prevented?

1. ARadiation; move the cot close to an outside window
2. BEvaporation; dry the baby straight away, including the head
3. CConvection; leave the baby uncovered in a draught
4. DConduction; place the baby on a cold firm surface

A 9-year-old with Down syndrome has new neck pain, clumsy walking and changes in bladder control. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AGrowing pains in the legs
2. BThe normal low muscle tone of Down syndrome getting worse with age
3. CAtlantoaxial instability with spinal cord compression
4. DA simple urinary infection causing tiredness

A mother says her 3-month-old broke his thigh bone by crawling off the bed. What should concern the nurse?

1. AThigh fractures are common in young infants with soft bones
2. BThe explanation does not fit the baby's stage of development
3. CBabies of this age often crawl and fall
4. DThe fracture is too small to need treatment and will heal by itself