Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Which drug is the antidote for magnesium sulfate toxicity?

1. ACalcium gluconate
2. BPotassium chloride
3. CNaloxone
4. DProtamine sulfate

Why is HIV treated with a combination of antiretroviral drugs?

1. ATo suppress the virus and prevent drug resistance
2. BTo make the treatment shorter, usually a few weeks
3. CBecause each single drug cures only part of the infection
4. DBecause one drug alone causes no side effects

How does activated charcoal work in poisoning?

1. AIt makes the patient vomit the poison before it is absorbed
2. BIt speeds up liver metabolism of the poison
3. CIt binds (adsorbs) the poison in the gut so less is absorbed
4. DIt neutralises acids in the blood

Sumatriptan is contraindicated in which patient?

1. AA patient with iron deficiency anaemia
2. BA patient with mild asthma
3. CA patient with a recent ankle sprain
4. DA patient with coronary artery disease

A patient wants to stop paroxetine suddenly. What should the nurse explain?

1. AStopping suddenly causes dangerous low blood sugar
2. BStopping suddenly causes the drug to work better for a while
3. CIt can be stopped at any time, as antidepressants cause no withdrawal effects
4. DIt can cause dizziness, "electric shock" feelings and irritability

A child is starting methylphenidate for ADHD. Which advice is appropriate?

1. AGive doses early in the day and monitor appetite and growth
2. BExpect weight gain as the main side effect
3. CGive the drug only at weekends
4. DGive the last dose at bedtime to help the child sleep

Why is clavulanic acid combined with amoxicillin (co-amoxiclav)?

1. AIt makes amoxicillin cross the blood–brain barrier more easily
2. BIt inhibits beta-lactamase enzymes that would destroy amoxicillin
3. CIt reduces the risk of penicillin allergy
4. DIt slows the kidney excretion of amoxicillin

A patient has a serum potassium of 7,0 mmol/L (mEq/L) and peaked T waves on the ECG. Which drug is given first to protect the heart?

1. AIntravenous calcium gluconate
2. BOral sodium polystyrene sulfonate
3. CIntravenous furosemide
4. DOral potassium chloride