Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Drugs whose names end in "-sartan", such as losartan, belong to which class?

1. AACE inhibitors, which block the converting enzyme
2. BLoop diuretics
3. CAlpha-1 blockers
4. DAngiotensin II receptor blockers

How does rasagiline help in Parkinson's disease?

1. AIt is converted directly into dopamine inside brain neurones
2. BIt inhibits MAO-B, so brain dopamine is broken down more slowly
3. CIt blocks dopamine receptors in the brain
4. DIt blocks acetylcholine receptors in the gut

Which opioid receptor is mainly responsible for the pain relief and respiratory depression of morphine?

1. ADelta receptor
2. BMu receptor
3. CNicotinic receptor
4. DKappa receptor

Why are patients taking simvastatin often advised to avoid large amounts of grapefruit juice?

1. AGrapefruit blocks cholesterol absorption and causes low cholesterol
2. BGrapefruit makes the tablet dissolve in the mouth
3. CGrapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 in the gut, raising simvastatin levels and myopathy risk
4. DGrapefruit speeds up simvastatin breakdown in the liver, so the drug stops working

A patient with Addison's disease on hydrocortisone develops a fever with flu. What is the usual advice?

1. AStop the hydrocortisone until the fever settles, to let the body recover
2. BIncrease the dose as instructed (sick-day rules) and seek help if vomiting
3. CHalve the hydrocortisone to reduce side effects
4. DMake no change, as illness does not affect cortisol needs

Why is aspirin avoided in children and teenagers with viral illnesses such as flu or chickenpox?

1. AIt is linked to Reye's syndrome, which harms the liver and brain
2. BIt causes severe, permanent hearing loss in young children
3. CIt causes grey baby syndrome
4. DIt stops the vaccine from working

A patient receives high-dose IV aciclovir for herpes encephalitis. Which nursing action reduces the main risk to the kidneys?

1. ARestrict oral and IV fluids to prevent brain swelling
2. BGive the infusion as a rapid push
3. CGive a loop diuretic before each dose
4. DKeep the patient well hydrated and give the infusion slowly

Лекарство с коротким периодом полувыведения вводят с интервалом, намного превышающим период полувыведения. Каков результат в равновесном состоянии?

1. AПостепенное накопление до токсического уровня
2. BОчень стабильный уровень почти без колебаний
3. CБольшие колебания между пиковой и минимальной концентрациями
4. DРавновесное состояние никогда не достигается