Фармакология: лист заданий с ответами

Which long-term side effect of phenytoin makes good oral hygiene especially important?

1. AExcess saliva production
2. BLoss of taste
3. CBlue-grey discoloration of the teeth and gums
4. DOvergrowth of the gums (gingival hyperplasia)

Which intramuscular site is generally preferred for adults because it is far from major nerves and vessels?

1. AForearm
2. BVentrogluteal
3. CDeltoid for large volumes
4. DDorsogluteal

Naltrexone helps in alcohol use disorder because it:

1. ACauses vomiting and flushing whenever alcohol is drunk
2. BReplaces alcohol as a sedative
3. CBlocks opioid receptors, reducing reward and craving
4. DSpeeds up the liver breakdown of alcohol

After a vaccination, why is a person asked to wait for a short time before leaving?

1. ATo check that the vaccine has already created protective antibodies
2. BTo measure the person's temperature for fever
3. CTo watch for anaphylaxis, which usually starts within minutes
4. DTo make sure the injection site does not bruise

Примерно за какое время лекарство, вводимое через равные промежутки, достигает равновесного состояния?

1. AЗа 4–5 периодов полувыведения
2. BЭто зависит только от величины дозы
3. CЗа 10 периодов полувыведения
4. DЗа 1 период полувыведения

Which teaching about zolpidem is correct?

1. ATake it with alcohol to make it act faster
2. BTake it right before bed, only if you can sleep a full night
3. CTake it in the morning so that it is out of the system by night
4. DDrive soon after waking, as the drug has no next-day effect

A patient taking warfarin asks for something for a headache. Which drug is usually the safest choice?

1. AParacetamol (acetaminophen)
2. BAspirin
3. CIbuprofen, at the lowest dose
4. DNaproxen

Why is gentamicin often given once daily instead of in several small doses?

1. AIt has a very long half-life of several days
2. BIt is absorbed slowly from the muscle over 24 hours
3. CIts killing depends only on the time the level stays above the MIC
4. DIts killing depends on high peak levels, with a post-antibiotic effect